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Infant Deaths From Medical Causes After a Maltreatment Report

Janet U Schneiderman1, John Prindle2, Emily Putnam-Hornstein2,3

  • 1Department of Nursing, Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California juschnei@usc.edu.

Pediatrics
|August 24, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Infants reported for maltreatment face a significantly higher risk of medical-related death. Foster care placement was found to be protective, reducing this risk by approximately half.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Health
  • Child Welfare
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Infants reported for maltreatment may face increased health risks.
  • Understanding medical causes of infant mortality is crucial for targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between maltreatment reports and medical causes of postneonatal infant death.
  • To assess the protective effect of foster care placement on infant mortality risk.

Main Methods:

  • Linked birth/death records with child protection records for California infants (2010-2016).
  • Used time-varying covariates to model maltreatment reports and foster care placement.
  • Employed competing risk models to estimate hazard ratios for medical-related infant death.

Main Results:

  • Infants with one maltreatment report had 1.77 times higher medical-related mortality risk.
  • Infants with more than one report had 3.27 times higher risk.
  • Foster care placement reduced mortality risk by approximately 50% among infants reported for maltreatment.

Conclusions:

  • Infants reported for maltreatment exhibit a heightened risk of death from medical causes.
  • Foster care placement demonstrates a protective effect against medical-related infant mortality.
  • Enhanced support services and inter-agency communication are vital for medically fragile infants at home post-allegation.
Abstract

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