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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 23, 2025

Fabrication of Superhydrophobic Metal Surfaces for Anti-Icing Applications

Fabrication of Superhydrophobic Metal Surfaces for Anti-Icing Applications

Published on: August 15, 2018

Dual Component Passive Icephobic Coatings with Micron-Scale Phase-Separated 3D Structures.

Andrew P Nowak¹, Adam F Gross¹, Elena Sherman¹

¹HRL Laboratories, LLC, 3011 Malibu Canyon Road, Malibu, California 90265, United States.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

|August 24, 2021

Summary

Researchers developed a novel passive icephobic coating using perfluoropolyether (PFPE) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) in a polyurethane elastomer. This advanced coating significantly reduces ice adhesion, offering enhanced performance for industries like aerospace.

Keywords:

fluoropolymer icephobic perfluoropolyether poly(ethylene glycol)segmented urethane

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Last Updated: Oct 23, 2025

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Rendering SiO2/Si Surfaces Omniphobic by Carving Gas-Entrapping Microtextures Comprising Reentrant and Doubly Reentrant Cavities or Pillars

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TiO2-coated Hollow Glass Microspheres with Superhydrophobic and High IR-reflective Properties Synthesized by a Soft-chemistry Method

TiO2-coated Hollow Glass Microspheres with Superhydrophobic and High IR-reflective Properties Synthesized by a Soft-chemistry Method

Published on: April 26, 2017

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Surface Chemistry
Tribology

Background:

Passive icephobic coatings are crucial for industries such as aerospace and energy.
Achieving low ice adhesion thresholds (< 20 kPa) requires advanced material strategies.
Existing solutions often involve fluids or sacrificial elements, limiting their durability.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a durable, passive icephobic coating with significantly reduced ice adhesion.
To investigate the self-segregating microstructure of the coating and its effect on performance.
To explore the modularity of the coating system by substituting components.

Main Methods:

Combining perfluoropolyether (PFPE) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) in a segmented polyurethane thermoplastic elastomer.
Utilizing spray application to create a mechanically tough film.
Characterizing the coating's micron-scale segregated 3D morphology with discrete PFPE and continuous PEG phases.
Measuring ice adhesion strength (τ_ice) under realistic accretion and centrifugal shedding conditions.

Main Results:

The coating exhibited exceptional ice adhesion reduction, up to 1000× lower than aluminum (τ_ice < 1 kPa).
A unique segregated 3D microstructure with distinct PFPE and PEG phases was observed.
The spray-applied film was solid, mechanically tough, and free of sacrificial elements.
The system demonstrated modularity, allowing for component substitution (e.g., PEG/PFPE with poly(tetramethylene oxide)) to study performance drivers.

Conclusions:

The developed PFPE-PEG polyurethane coating offers a highly effective passive icephobic solution.
The self-segregating microstructure is key to achieving ultra-low ice adhesion.
The coating's mechanical robustness and modular design present significant advantages for industrial applications.