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The Effect of Aging on Tissues

The Effect of Aging on Tissues

Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...

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Updated: Oct 23, 2025

Establishment, Maintenance, Differentiation, Genetic Manipulation, and Transplantation of Mouse and Human Lacrimal Gland Organoids

Establishment, Maintenance, Differentiation, Genetic Manipulation, and Transplantation of Mouse and Human Lacrimal Gland Organoids

Published on: February 3, 2023

Microbial Reconstitution Improves Aging-Driven Lacrimal Gland Circadian Dysfunction.

Xinwei Jiao¹, Xiaoting Pei¹, Dingli Lu¹

¹Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China.

The American Journal of Pathology

|August 24, 2021

Summary

Aging disrupts lacrimal glands, impacting gut microbiota and circadian rhythms. Fecal microbiota transplants (FMTs) from young donors rejuvenated gut bacteria and improved aging-related lacrimal gland dysfunction in old mice.

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Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Gerontology
Microbiology

Background:

Lacrimal glands undergo age-related changes, but underlying mechanisms remain unclear.
Aging impacts gut microbiota and circadian rhythms, potentially affecting ocular health.
Age-associated lacrimal gland dysfunction presents a significant clinical challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the interplay between aging, gut microbiota, and circadian rhythm in lacrimal gland dysfunction.
To determine if fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) can ameliorate age-related lacrimal gland alterations.
To explore the molecular and structural changes in aging lacrimal glands.

Main Methods:

C57BL/6J mice were grouped into young, old, and old mice receiving FMT from young donors.
Gut microbial diversity was assessed using 16S rRNA sequencing.
Exorbital lacrimal gland (ELG) transcriptomic profiles were analyzed across a 24-hour circadian cycle using high-throughput sequencing.
Immunostaining evaluated lymphocytic infiltration, lipid deposition, and nerve innervation.

Main Results:

Old mice exhibited significant shifts in gut microbial communities compared to young mice.
Aging reprogrammed the circadian transcriptomic profile of ELGs.
FMT intervention restored gut microbial diversity and improved ELG rhythmic transcriptomic profiles.
FMT reduced chronic inflammation, lipid deposition, and aberrant neural responses in aging lacrimal glands.

Conclusions:

Age-associated gut dysbiosis contributes to lacrimal gland dysfunction.
Reconstitution of gut microbiota via FMT from young donors can improve aging-driven lacrimal gland circadian dysfunction.
Targeting the gut-lacrimal axis may offer therapeutic strategies for age-related dry eye disease.