NORM survey within the second census on pollution sources in China

Area of Science:

• Environmental Science
• Nuclear Safety
• Industrial Ecology

Background:

• The Second Census of Pollution Source in China (2017-2020) identified Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORM) as a key focus.
• NORM poses potential environmental and health risks, necessitating systematic investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To conduct a comprehensive census of NORM in Chinese industries.
• To identify and quantify NORM presence and characteristics across various industrial sectors.

Main Methods:

• A detailed census plan was developed by the Nuclear and Radiation Safety Centre.
• Methodology included organization, pilot surveys, training, data screening, quality assurance, detailed collection, analysis, and verification.
• Sampling encompassed discharge water, raw ore, milling ore, and solid waste.

Main Results:

• Nearly 2000 enterprises met screening criteria for NORM presence out of approximately 30,000 investigated.
• 3500 samples yielded approximately 20,000 data points for comprehensive analysis.
• The study covered 15 NORM-related industries, including rare earth, niobium/tantalum, zircon, zirconia, and tin.

Conclusions:

• The NORM census successfully characterized radioactive material in key Chinese industries.
• Data analysis provides a foundation for NORM management and regulatory strategies.
• Findings highlight the importance of monitoring NORM in industrial processes.