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Related Concept Videos

Types Of Superconductors01:28

Types Of Superconductors

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A superconductor is a substance that offers zero resistance to the electric current when it drops below a critical temperature. Zero resistance is not the only interesting phenomenon as materials reach their transition temperatures. A second effect is the exclusion of magnetic fields. This is known as the Meissner effect. A light, permanent magnet placed over a superconducting sample will levitate in a stable position above the superconductor. High-speed trains that levitate on strong...
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Superconductor

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A substance that reaches superconductivity, a state in which magnetic fields cannot penetrate, and there is no electrical resistance, is referred to as a superconductor. In 1911, Heike Kamerlingh Onnes of Leiden University, a Dutch physicist, observed a relation between the temperature and the resistance of the element mercury. The mercury sample was then cooled in liquid helium to study the linear dependence of resistance on temperature. It was observed that, as the temperature decreased, the...
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Biasing of Metal-Semiconductor Junctions

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Biasing metal-semiconductor junctions involves applying a voltage across the junction. Specifically, the metal is connected to a voltage source, while the semiconductor is grounded. This technique is essential for controlling the direction and magnitude of current flow in electronic devices, including diodes, transistors, and photovoltaic cells.
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Theory of Metallic Conduction01:17

Theory of Metallic Conduction

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The conduction of free electrons inside a conductor is best described by quantum mechanics. However, a classical model makes predictions close to the results of quantum mechanics. It is called the theory of metallic conduction.
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Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

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Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

1.2K
Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
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Updated: Oct 23, 2025

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform
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Superconducting Quantum Interference in Twisted van der Waals Heterostructures.

Liam S Farrar1, Aimee Nevill1, Zhen Jieh Lim1

  • 1Department of Physics, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom.

Nano Letters
|August 25, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Researchers created Josephson junctions and superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) from stacked niobium selenide (NbSe2) flakes. The twist angle between flakes controls device properties, offering a new optimization method for these superconducting devices.

Keywords:
Josephson junctionNbSe2Superconducting quantum interference deviceTwo-dimensional materialsVan der Waal heterostructures

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Quantum Devices

Background:

  • Josephson junctions and SQUIDs are fundamental to quantum technologies.
  • Fabrication of high-quality van der Waals heterostructures is crucial for advanced electronic devices.
  • Controlling interface properties in 2D material devices remains a challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the fabrication of Josephson junctions and SQUIDs using mechanically exfoliated NbSe2.
  • To investigate the effect of crystallographic misalignment on device characteristics.
  • To explore a new method for optimizing superconducting device performance.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a dry transfer technique to stack mechanically exfoliated NbSe2 flakes.
  • Introduced deterministic misalignment of crystallographic axes between stacked flakes.
  • Fabricated Josephson junctions and SQUID geometries using a single lithographic process.

Main Results:

  • Successfully formed Josephson junctions and SQUIDs with tunable properties based on twist angle.
  • Observed sensitivity of current-voltage characteristics to misalignment, providing a new control parameter.
  • Demonstrated large current modulation (ΔIc ∼ 75%) and voltage modulation (ΔV ∼ 1.4 mV) in SQUID devices at 3.75 K.

Conclusions:

  • The dry transfer stacking technique enables precise control over NbSe2-based Josephson junctions and SQUIDs.
  • Crystallographic misalignment offers a novel pathway for optimizing superconducting device performance.
  • These findings pave the way for advanced applications of 2D material-based superconducting devices.