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Related Concept Videos

Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction01:27

Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction

138
Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the renal parenchyma and collecting system, including the renal pelvis, tubules, and interstitial tissue of one or both kidneys. It can be classified as either acute—a sudden, severe infection—or chronic, which refers to long-term or recurrent kidney infections.The primary cause of acute pyelonephritis (APN) is bacterial infection, with Escherichia coli accounting for approximately 70-80% of cases. Other bacteria, such...
138
Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management01:28

Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management

79
Introduction:For diagnosing acute pyelonephritis, a comprehensive patient history is collected to identify symptoms such as dysuria, frequent or urgent urination, flank pain, or costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness that may suggest a kidney infection.Physical ExaminationDuring the physical examination, CVA tenderness is assessed. This involves gentle percussion over the costovertebral angle, where tenderness often indicates a kidney infection.Diagnostic TestsUrinalysis: Used to identify white...
79
Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology01:29

Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology

332
Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes are categorized into three primary categories based on the location of the injury: prerenal, intrarenal (or intrinsic), and postrenal causes. This classification guides clinical management and illustrates how different pathways can impair kidney function.Etiology and Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury1. Prerenal causesEtiology: Prerenal Acute Kidney Injury, the most common type, occurs when reduced blood flow to the kidneys decreases filtration capacity...
332
Nephrons01:10

Nephrons

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The kidneys are intricate organs with millions of working units known as nephrons. Each nephron features two major structures: the renal corpuscle, which facilitates blood plasma filtration, and the renal tubule, which handles the glomerular filtrate. Blood supply is directly linked to the nephrons. The renal corpuscle consists of the glomerulus, a capillary network, and the Bowman's capsule, a double-walled epithelial structure that encases the glomerulus. The filtering of blood plasma...
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Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology01:25

Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology

201
The pathophysiology of urinary tract infections (UTIs) encompasses several progressive stages, beginning with bacterial colonization and culminating in potential systemic complications if untreated. UTIs are primarily initiated by bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, which often originate from the gastrointestinal tract and migrate to the urinary system through the periurethral area. This migration can occur via several routes, including improper hygiene practices, sexual activity, or...
201
Imaging Studies V: Intravenous Urography and Retrograde Pyelography01:22

Imaging Studies V: Intravenous Urography and Retrograde Pyelography

324
IntroductionIntravenous Urography (IVU) and Retrograde Pyelography (RP) are important diagnostic imaging techniques used to evaluate the urinary system. These methods help identify structural abnormalities, obstructions, and functional issues in the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. Both procedures use iodine-based contrast media to enhance the visibility of urinary tract structures on X-ray images, though they differ in their methods and indications.1. Intravenous Urography (IVU)Intravenous...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 23, 2025

A Murine Model of Irreversible and Reversible Unilateral Ureteric Obstruction
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Published on: December 20, 2014

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Is it just an obstructive pyelonephritis?

Mariana Teixeira1, Filipa Coroado Ferreira1, Leonor Naia1

  • 1Internal Medicine Department of Centro Hospitalar do Baixo Vouga Aveiro Portugal.

Clinical Case Reports
|August 25, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Identifying the cause of pyelocaliceal obstruction is crucial. Extra-renal masses require advanced imaging and biopsy for accurate diagnosis.

Keywords:
follicular lymphomalymphadenopathylymphoproliferative disorderurinary obstruction

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Urology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Pyelocaliceal obstruction presents diagnostic challenges.
  • Identifying the underlying cause is essential for effective management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the diagnostic difficulties in pyelocaliceal obstruction.
  • To emphasize the role of imaging and biopsy in diagnosing extra-renal compressive masses causing obstruction.

Main Methods:

  • Review of diagnostic approaches for pyelocaliceal obstruction.
  • Discussion of imaging modalities for evaluating extra-renal masses.
  • Importance of histopathological examination (biopsy) for definitive diagnosis.

Main Results:

  • Extra-renal compressive masses are a significant cause of pyelocaliceal obstruction in some patients.
  • Advanced imaging techniques are vital for characterizing these masses.
  • Biopsy confirmation is necessary to establish the diagnosis and guide treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate diagnosis of pyelocaliceal obstruction requires a comprehensive approach.
  • Investigating extra-renal masses through imaging and biopsy is critical for patient management.