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Dynamic Monitoring of Seroconversion using a Multianalyte Immunobead Assay for Covid-19
Published on: February 16, 2022
Analysis of the dynamic relationship between immune profiles and the clinical features of patients with COVID-19
Pingping Ren1,2,3,4,5, Chaohong Zhu1,2,3,4,5, Yongchun He1,2,3,4,5
1Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
Insights
Severe COVID-19 patients show reduced lymphocytes and monocytes but increased neutrophils and inflammatory cytokines. Immune cell monitoring aids disease progression tracking, and continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) may help restore immune balance.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Virology
- Critical Care Medicine
Background:
- The COVID-19 pandemic has caused millions of deaths globally.
- Understanding immune and clinical changes in COVID-19 patients is crucial.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine dynamic changes in immune and clinical features of COVID-19 patients.
- To assess the role of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) in critically ill patients.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of clinical data from 98 COVID-19 patients.
- Evaluation of immune cells, inflammatory cytokines, and clinical indicators across disease stages (admission, deterioration, convalescence).
- Assessment of temporal immune changes in patients undergoing CRRT.
Main Results:
- Severe COVID-19 patients exhibited significantly lower lymphocyte, monocyte, and NK cell counts compared to mild cases.
- Severe cases showed elevated neutrophils and inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, TNF-α), which improved during convalescence.
- Critically ill patients on CRRT showed a gradual increase in most immune cells (except neutrophils) from 0 to 3 weeks.
Conclusions:
- Immune cell surveillance can aid in monitoring COVID-19 disease progression.
- CRRT may be a therapeutic strategy for regulating immune balance in critically ill COVID-19 patients.
Background:
The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has been declared a global pandemic, with the cumulative number of confirmed cases and deaths exceeding 150 million and 3 million, respectively. Here, we examined the dynamic changes in the immune and clinical features of patients with COVID-19.
Methods:
Clinical data of 98 patients with confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis were acquired from electronic medical records and curated. The data were analyzed based on the stage of the admission, deterioration, and convalescence, which included age, sex, severity, disease stages, biochemical indicators, immune cells, inflammatory cytokines, and immunoglobulins. Additionally, temporal changes in the immune response in patients undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) were also examined.
Results:
Compared to mild stage patients, severe stage patients with COVID-19 exhibited a significant reduction in lymphocyte [23.10 (17.58-33.55) vs. 4.80 (2.95-6.50), P<0.001], monocyte [8.65 (7.28-10.00) vs. 3.45 (2.53-4.58), P<0.001], and NK cell levels [244.00 (150.50-335.00) vs. 59.00 (40.00-101.00), P<0.001] but showed elevated levels of neutrophils [64.90 (56.30-73.70) vs. 90.95 (87.60-93.68), P<0.001], inflammatory cytokines [Interleukin-10, 3.05 (1.37-3.86) vs. 5.94 (3.84-8.35), P=0.001; and tumor necrosis factor-α, 11.50 (6.55-26.45) vs. 12.96 (12.22-36.80), P=0.029], which improved during convalescence. Besides, the number of immune cells-T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, helper T cells, suppressor T cells, NK cells, and monocytes, except neutrophils-slowly increased in critically ill patients receiving CRRT from 0 to 3 weeks.
Conclusions:
Our results indicate that the surveillance of immune cells may contribute to monitoring COVID-19 disease progression, and CRRT is a potential therapeutic strategy to regulate the immune balance in critically ill patients.
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