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Related Concept Videos

Nucleosome Remodeling02:54

Nucleosome Remodeling

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Nucleosomes are the basic units of chromatin compaction. Each nucleosome consists of the DNA bound tightly around a histone core, which makes the DNA inaccessible to DNA binding proteins such as DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase. Hence, the fundamental problem is to ensure access to DNA when appropriate, despite the compact and protective chromatin structure.
Nucleosome remodeling complex
Eukaryotic cells have specialized enzymes called ATP-dependent nucleosome remodeling enzymes. These enzymes...
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Spreading of Chromatin Modifications02:25

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications

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The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer...
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Protein Complexes with Interchangeable Parts01:57

Protein Complexes with Interchangeable Parts

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Groups of proteins may form a complex where each protein in this complex has a different role in the overall execution of the complex’s function. Often some of the proteins in the complex can be replaced by a closely related variant to give a complex that contains many of the same components yet is functionally distinct.
The SCF ubiquitin ligase is a protein complex of five individual proteins. This complex attaches ubiquitin to other target proteins to mark them for degradation. In order...
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Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

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The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone...
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Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

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Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
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Duplication of Chromatin Structure02:05

Duplication of Chromatin Structure

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The process of chromosome duplication during cell division requires genome-wide disruption and re-assembly of chromatin. The chromatin structure must be accurately inherited, reassembled, and maintained in the daughter cells to ensure lineage propagation.
The basic unit of the chromatin is the nucleosome, consisting of DNA wrapped around octameric histone proteins and short stretches of linker DNA separating individual nucleosomes. The histone proteins within the nucleosome have their...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 23, 2025

Generation and Purification of Human INO80 Chromatin Remodeling Complexes and Subcomplexes
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Generation and Purification of Human INO80 Chromatin Remodeling Complexes and Subcomplexes

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The BAF chromatin remodeling complexes: structure, function, and synthetic lethalities.

Julia Varga1, Marie Kube1, Katja Luck2

  • 1Chromatin Regulation Group, Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Mainz, Germany.

Biochemical Society Transactions
|August 25, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

BAF complexes are crucial for DNA regulation. Mutations in these chromatin remodelers are linked to cancer and neurological diseases, highlighting potential therapeutic targets.

Keywords:
BAF complexeschromatin remodelingfunctiongene regulationstructuresynthetic lethality

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Last Updated: Oct 23, 2025

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • BAF complexes are essential multi-subunit chromatin remodelers involved in genomic regulation.
  • Frequent mutations in BAF complexes are observed in human diseases, including cancer and neurological disorders.
  • Understanding BAF complex function is critical for developing targeted therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in understanding BAF complex composition, assembly, structure, and function.
  • To explore the consequences of disease-associated BAF complex mutations.
  • To highlight potential therapeutic strategies for BAF-related diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent research on BAF complexes.
  • Analysis of findings related to BAF complex mutations and their impact.
  • Identification of intra-complex subunit dependencies and synthetic lethal interactions.

Main Results:

  • Recent studies have elucidated the detailed structure and molecular mechanisms of BAF complexes.
  • Disease-associated mutations significantly impact BAF complex function.
  • Intra-complex subunit dependencies and synthetic lethal interactions offer promising therapeutic avenues.

Conclusions:

  • BAF complexes play a fundamental role in cellular physiology and disease.
  • Targeting BAF complex alterations, including synthetic lethal interactions, shows therapeutic potential for various diseases.