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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 23, 2025

Author Spotlight: Advancing Tear Fluid Analysis Using a Standardized Protocol for Proteomics Research
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Tear Proteomics in Keratoconus: A Quantitative SWATH-MS Analysis.

Maite López-López1,2, Uxía Regueiro1,2, Susana B Bravo3

  • 1Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties. Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science
|August 25, 2021
PubMed
Summary

This study identified 18 differentially expressed proteins in the tears of keratoconus (KC) patients, highlighting iron homeostasis as a key pathway. These findings offer insights into KC molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets for managing iron-related tissue damage.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Proteomics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Keratoconus (KC) is a progressive eye condition characterized by thinning and ectasia of the cornea.
  • The molecular mechanisms underlying KC pathogenesis remain incompletely understood.
  • Tear proteomic analysis offers a non-invasive approach to identify biomarkers and understand disease processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify dysregulated proteins in the tear proteome of individuals with keratoconus (KC).
  • To gain a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms driving KC development.
  • To utilize sequential window acquisition of all theoretical mass spectra (SWATH-MS) for tear protein quantification.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective, cross-sectional study involving 25 KC eyes and 25 healthy eyes.
  • Clinical, tomographic, and aberrometric examinations were performed on all participants.
  • Tear samples were collected and analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) with SWATH-MS for quantification.

Main Results:

  • A total of 203 proteins were quantified in tear samples.
  • Eighteen proteins exhibited differential expression between KC patients and controls (P < 0.05).
  • Dysregulated proteins were implicated in structural integrity, inflammatory-immune responses, iron homeostasis, oxidative stress, and extracellular matrix remodeling.

Conclusions:

  • Tear protein analysis revealed significant dysregulation of proteins involved in pathways associated with KC.
  • Iron homeostasis emerged as a critical pathway in KC pathophysiology.
  • Targeting iron homeostasis pathways may offer novel therapeutic strategies for mitigating tissue damage in KC.