44 Current Challenges in miRNomics.

Area of Science:

• Molecular Biology
• Genetics
• Bioinformatics

Background:

• MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of gene expression, operating via the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC).
• The canonical miRNA biogenesis pathway involves transcription, nuclear processing, cytoplasmic processing by Dicer, and RISC incorporation.
• Accurate computational modeling of miRNA regulation is essential but hindered by knowledge gaps.

Purpose of the Study:

• To identify and discuss critical challenges in the computational modeling of miRNA-based gene regulation.
• To emphasize the importance of addressing these challenges for a deeper understanding of cellular homeostasis.

Main Methods:

• Review and analysis of the current knowledgebase on miRNA biogenesis and function.
• Identification of open challenges in the field of miRNA computational prediction and regulation.

Main Results:

• Several key challenges in miRNA computational modeling were identified, spanning transcription to RISC incorporation.
• The study underscores the necessity of computational approaches due to the vast number of potential miRNA-target interactions.

Conclusions:

• Addressing the identified challenges is vital for advancing computational modeling of miRNA regulation.
• Resolving these challenges will significantly improve our understanding of cellular homeostasis and gene expression control.