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Population-based assessment of risks for severe COVID-19 disease outcomes

Ousseny Zerbo1, Ned Lewis1, Bruce Fireman1

  • 1Vaccine Study Center, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California, USA.

Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses
|August 25, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Severe COVID-19 disproportionately affected older adults and minority groups. Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases significantly increased hospitalization and death risks.

Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health
  • Geriatric Medicine

Background:

  • COVID-19 has caused significant morbidity and mortality globally.
  • Understanding risk factors for severe COVID-19 outcomes is crucial for public health interventions.
  • Demographic factors and pre-existing conditions are suspected to influence COVID-19 severity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate associations between demographic factors and comorbidities with severe COVID-19 outcomes.
  • To identify specific risk factors for hospitalization, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and death due to COVID-19.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study analyzing data from approximately 4.6 million members of Kaiser Permanente Northern California.
  • Data collected up to July 23, 2021.
  • Statistical analysis to determine hazard ratios (aHR) and confidence intervals (CI) for associations.

Main Results:

  • Age was strongly associated with increased risk of hospitalization, ICU admission, and death.
  • Black persons and individuals of Hispanic ethnicity exhibited a higher risk of death compared to White individuals.
  • Alzheimer's disease showed the highest risk for hospitalization (aHR 3.19) and death (aHR 4.04). Parkinson's disease was associated with the second highest risk of death (aHR 2.07).

Conclusions:

  • Severe COVID-19 outcomes are significantly influenced by age and ethnicity.
  • Certain neurodegenerative diseases, particularly Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, are potent risk factors for severe COVID-19.
  • Findings highlight the need for targeted preventive strategies for vulnerable populations and individuals with specific comorbidities.

Keywords:
COVID-19comorbiditiesrace/ethnicityrisk factorssevere disease

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