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Nephrotoxicity of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Disproportionality Analysis from 2013 to 2020

Jiaming Qu1, Yanming Ding2, Kaiwen Jiang1

  • 1School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University.

The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine
|August 26, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can cause kidney damage. This study found nivolumab most frequently associated with renal adverse events, particularly in male patients, highlighting the need for careful monitoring.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Immunology
  • Pharmacovigilance

Background:

  • Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are increasingly used in cancer therapy.
  • Nephrotoxicity is a known, albeit infrequent, adverse effect of ICIs.
  • Limited comparative data exists on the specific nephrotoxic profiles of different ICIs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically characterize and compare the nephrotoxicity associated with various ICIs.
  • To identify specific ICIs with higher reporting rates of renal adverse events.
  • To assess demographic factors, such as sex, influencing ICI-related nephrotoxicity.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the US FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database for data extraction.
  • Performed disproportionality analysis using information components (ICs) and reporting odds ratios (RORs).
  • Analyzed 7,204 reports of renal adverse events (AEs) linked to ICI treatment.

Main Results:

  • Renal AEs were most frequently reported for nivolumab (46.84% of identified cases).
  • Significant disproportionality signals for nephrotoxicity were observed in male patients treated with ICIs.
  • Specific renal AEs included acute kidney injury, nephritis, and autoimmune nephritis.

Conclusions:

  • Nivolumab shows a higher reporting frequency for renal adverse events compared to other ICIs.
  • Male patients may be at increased risk for ICI-induced nephrotoxicity.
  • Clinical vigilance is crucial for identifying and managing nephrotoxic AEs in patients receiving ICIs, especially males.
Keywords:
Adverse Event Reporting Systemadverse eventsdisproportionality analysisimmune checkpoint inhibitorsnephrotoxicity

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