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Sleep Apnea

Sleep Apnea

Sleep apnea is a condition where breathing stops intermittently during sleep, often leading to significant health issues. Each episode can last from 10 to 20 seconds or more and is frequently accompanied by a brief arousal from sleep. This disturbance, largely unnoticed by the individual, can lead to severe daytime fatigue. Commonly, individuals seek help after being informed by their partners about loud snoring and noticeable breathing pauses during sleep.
The condition is more prevalent among...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 23, 2025

Microstate and Omega Complexity Analyses of the Resting-state Electroencephalography

Microstate and Omega Complexity Analyses of the Resting-state Electroencephalography

Published on: June 15, 2018

EEG microstate in obstructive sleep apnea patients.

Xin Xiong¹, Yuyan Ren¹, Shenghan Gao¹

¹Faculty of Information Engineering and Automation, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.

Scientific Reports

|August 26, 2021

Summary

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) with obstructive hypopnea (OH) alters brain activity, showing increased microstate C and decreased microstate D during sleep. These changes correlate with EEG markers, suggesting abnormal brain network transitions in OSA patients.

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Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy DISE with Target Controlled Infusion TCI and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy DISE with Target Controlled Infusion TCI and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Published on: December 6, 2016

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Sleep Medicine
Respiratory Medicine

Background:

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent sleep disorder.
Previous research indicates altered electroencephalogram (EEG) power in OSA patients during wakefulness.
The impact of obstructive hypopnea (OH) on transient brain states (microstates) during sleep remains largely unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate sleep EEG microstate abnormalities in patients with OSA.
To examine the correlation between microstate parameters and EEG markers of sleep disturbance in OSA.
To understand the specific microstate changes during obstructive hypopnea (OH).

Main Methods:

Analysis of sleep EEG microstates in 100 OSA patients.
Correlation analysis between microstate parameters (presence, transitions) and EEG markers (power spectrum, sample entropy, detrended fluctuation analysis).
Comparison of microstate characteristics between OSA patients with and without OH, and controls.

Main Results:

OSA patients with OH exhibited increased presence of microstate C and decreased presence of microstate D compared to controls and OSA patients without OH.
Microstate E emerged during N1-OH, but transitions to it were infrequent.
In N1-OH, microstate D correlated positively with delta power and negatively with beta/alpha power; transitions B→C and E→C correlated positively with alpha power.

Conclusions:

Obstructive hypopnea is associated with abnormal sleep EEG microstates, particularly altered presence and transitions of microstates C and D.
The findings suggest that abnormal transitions in brain activity during the N1-OH stage may underlie these microstate changes.
These microstate alterations might be linked to changes in cortical alpha activity during sleep in OSA patients.