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Carbonate apatite artificial bone.

Kunio Ishikawa1, Koichiro Hayashi1

  • 1Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Japan.

Science and Technology of Advanced Materials
|August 26, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Carbonate apatite (CO3Ap) artificial bone, unlike hydroxyapatite (HAp), is biocompatible and promotes bone regeneration. This review covers CO3Ap fabrication methods and their successful clinical applications.

Keywords:
211 Scaffold / Tissue engineering/Drug delivery30 Bio-inspired and biomedical materialsCarbonate apatitecalcium carbonatecoatingdissolution–precipitation reaction granuleshoneycomb

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Materials Engineering

Background:

  • Bone apatite is primarily carbonate apatite (CO3Ap), not hydroxyapatite (HAp).
  • CO3Ap's thermal instability prevents fabrication via sintering.
  • Pure CO3Ap artificial bone can be synthesized using dissolution-precipitation reactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review fabrication methods for carbonate apatite (CO3Ap) artificial bone.
  • To summarize clinical and animal study results of CO3Ap artificial bone.
  • To highlight CO3Ap's osteoconductive properties and bone remodeling potential.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on CO3Ap artificial bone fabrication techniques.
  • Analysis of clinical and animal data regarding CO3Ap's efficacy.
  • Description of methods for producing granular, honeycomb, and coated CO3Ap.

Main Results:

  • CO3Ap artificial bone is resorbed by osteoclasts and enhances osteoblast differentiation.
  • CO3Ap exhibits superior osteoconductivity compared to HAp, facilitating bone replacement.
  • Granular CO3Ap received clinical approval in Japan (2017); honeycomb and coated variants show promise.

Conclusions:

  • CO3Ap artificial bone demonstrates excellent biocompatibility and osteoconductivity.
  • Fabrication methods allow for diverse forms (granular, honeycomb, coated) for various applications.
  • CO3Ap represents a significant advancement in bone regenerative materials.