External cervical resorption: Radiological diagnosis and literature (Review)

External cervical resorption (ECR) is a relatively unknown and insidious pathology characterized by the loss of hard dental tissues such as: Enamel, cementum and dentine due to clastic function. It begins as a localized resorptive process that initiates on the area of the root beneath the epithelial attachment and the coronal part of the alveolar process, involving vital and non-vital tissues. Despite the fact that there are several potential predisposing factors related to ECR, its aetiology still remains poorly understood and more research is needed to establish the cause-and-effect relationship of all the etiological factors. Improved radiographic detection using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is required in order to correctly classify and assess this entity. This provides a three-dimensional insight into the lesion, regarding the location, the size, the depth and the circumferential spread of the ECR defect. It also allows establishment of the most efficacious treatment plan and management. The purpose of this literature review is to cover the relevant literature concerning the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical and radiological presentation and management of ECRs (based on the CBCT findings).