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Updated: Oct 22, 2025

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Published on: April 21, 2022
Myelomatous Pleural Effusion: A Rare Involvement in Myeloma
Onur Alkan1, Tarik Onur Tiryaki2, Sevgi Kalayoglu-Besisik2
1Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
Abstract:
Extramedullary disease (EMD) incidence is between 7% and 18% in multiple myeloma. Overall survival of patients who develop EMD is significantly shorter than that of patients without EMD. Malignant myelomatous pleural effusions (MPEs) are rarely observed, occurring in less than 1% of cases. The diagnosis of MPE was confirmed by the detection of myeloma cells in the pleural fluid using flow cytometric analyses. We present a case of a 67-year-old male patient with IgG-kappa myelom. After a few line treatment regimens, he was admitted to hospital with back pain and blurred consciousness, and pleural effusion was detected. Pleural fluid analysis showed malignant plasma cells. It is a rare presentation of multiple myeloma, but important in diagnosis.
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