Related Experiment Video
Updated: Oct 22, 2025

In Vivo Quantification of Hip Arthrokinematics during Dynamic Weight-bearing Activities using Dual Fluoroscopy
Published on: July 2, 2021
The use of Horizon graphs to visualize bilateral biomechanical time-series of multiple joints
Liria Akie Okai-Nobrega1, Thiago Ribeiro Teles Santos1, Milton Hirokazu Shimabukuro2
1Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Science, Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
Abstract:
Movement analysis provides a vast amount of data, which, frequently, are not used in the clinical decision-making process. For example, traditional gait data visualization is based on a time-based display of joint angles, but part of the information is lost when these time-series are averaged across different gait strides. Horizon graph is a data display method that increases the density of time-series data by horizontally dividing and layering multiple filled line graphs. This higher data density increases the amount of information displayed in the same graph and, consequently, enables visual data comparisons between multiple time series. Horizon graph of kinematic data allows displaying several cycles of different joints and their respective continuous symmetry ratio between sides. The aim of this work is to introduce the Horizon graph as a method to analyze kinematic gait data and help to characterize its symmetry. Examples of Horizon graph application to running is offered. Horizon graph may prove to be a useful clinical tool to visualize kinematic time-series and facilitate their clinical interpretation.•Continuous gait time series is a powerful tool for clinical analysis.•Horizon graph, higher data density graph, increases the information displayed.•Horizon graph is a clinical tool to visualize kinematic curves.
Related Concept Videos
Time-Series Graph
Functional Classification of Joints
The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility between the adjacent bones. Joints are functionally classified as a synarthrosis or immobile joint, an amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint, or as a diarthrosis, a freely moveable joint. Fibrous and cartilaginous joints can be functionally classified as either synarthroses or amphiarthroses, whereas all synovial joints are classified as diarthroses.
Synarthrosis
An...
Structural Classification of Joints
A fibrous joint is where the adjacent bones are united by fibrous connective...
Introduction to Joints
Velocity and Position by Graphical Method
Development of the Limb Synovial Joints
The mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into chondrocytes that form the hyaline cartilage, and later the cartilaginous model of the bone. This model further transforms into a bone. This process is known as endochondral ossification.
During development, the limbs...

