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Adaptable (Not Adaptive) Automation: Forefront of Human-Automation Teaming.

Gloria Calhoun¹

¹97038 Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio, USA.

|August 26, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Research on adaptable automation, where humans control automation levels, is critically needed. This approach shows promise for enhancing human-automation teaming by improving performance and reducing workload compared to adaptive automation.

Keywords:

human–automation interaction level of automation mode awareness situation awareness working agreement

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Area of Science:

Human Factors and Ergonomics
Human-Automation Interaction
Cognitive Systems Engineering

Background:

Flexible automation, where automation levels change during operation, enhances human-automation system performance.
Automation can be applied in various ways, with dynamic adjustments offering significant benefits.

Purpose of the Study:

Identify a critical research gap in human-automation teaming.
Highlight the implications of flexible automation for human factors research.
Examine the distinct roles of adaptable and adaptive automation.

Main Methods:

This mini-review synthesizes existing research on flexible automation.
It differentiates between adaptable automation (human-controlled) and adaptive automation (system-controlled).
It reviews experimental findings comparing these two approaches.

Main Results:

Limited research exists for adaptable automation compared to adaptive automation.
Experimental comparisons reveal adaptable automation is preferred, leading to better task performance.
Adaptable automation also results in lower perceived workload.

Conclusions:

Systematic research on adaptable automation, including hybrid forms with adaptive automation, is urgently required.
Effective human-factored interface design is crucial for successful human-automation teaming.
Adaptable automation is key for future complex systems.