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Updated: Oct 22, 2025
Real-Time Dynamic Navigation System for the Precise Quad-Zygomatic Implant Placement in a Patient with a Severely Atrophic Maxilla
Published on: October 18, 2021
Immediate loading protocols increase the risk of failure of implants placed by fully guided surgery in partially
Kyung-A Ko1, Young Woo Song1,2, Ji-Man Park3
1Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea.
Aim:
To compare the 1-year outcomes of immediate loading (IL) and delayed loading (DL) protocols for implants placed by fully guided surgery in partially edentulous jaws.
Materials And Methods:
This study included 72 patients who received implant surgery with either IL (93 implants, 36 patients) or DL (94 implants, 26 patients). A prefabricated provisional prosthesis was delivered immediately for the IL group (86 implants, 32 patients) with the exception of 4 subjects in whom an initial torque of >20 Ncm and an implant stability quotient of >65 were not achieved, while all DL-group implants were loaded after 3 months. The 1-year implant survival rate estimated by intention-to-treat (ITT) and per-protocol (PP) analyses, and the marginal bone loss (MBL) estimated by cone-beam computed tomography were statistically evaluated (p < 0.05).
Results:
The survival rate in the DL group was 100% at both patient and implant levels. With only 26 subjects with 78 implants surviving in the IL group, the survival rates were 69.4% and 83.4% at the patient and implant levels, respectively, in the ITT analysis, and 78.1% and 90.2% in the PP analysis. All intergroup differences in survival rates were statistically significant (p < 0.01). MBL was less than 0.1 mm in both groups (p > 0.05).
Conclusions:
IL for implants placed by fully guided surgery in the partially edentulous jaws increased the probability of failure compared to 3-month DL. Regardless of when loading occurred, marginal bone levels remained stable.
