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Related Concept Videos

Somatosensation01:33

Somatosensation

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The somatosensory system relays sensory information from the skin, mucous membranes, limbs, and joints. Somatosensation is more familiarly known as the sense of touch. A typical somatosensory pathway includes three types of long neurons: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary neurons have cell bodies located near the spinal cord in groups of neurons called dorsal root ganglia. The sensory neurons of ganglia innervate designated areas of skin called dermatomes.
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A Structured Rehabilitation Protocol for Improved Multifunctional Prosthetic Control: A Case Study
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Changes in Sensorimotor Cortical Activation in Children Using Prostheses and Prosthetic Simulators.

Christopher Copeland1, Mukul Mukherjee1, Yingying Wang2

  • 1Department of Biomechanics, University of Nebraska-Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA.

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|August 27, 2021
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Prosthetic simulators may enhance sensory feedback processing in children, potentially improving prosthesis training. This study compared neural responses in children using prostheses and simulators.

Keywords:
fNIRSmotor cortexprosthetic simulatorsomatosensory cortexupper limb reduction

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Rehabilitation Engineering
  • Human Motor Control

Background:

  • Children with upper limb reduction (ULR) often use body-powered prostheses.
  • Understanding the neural basis of simulator use is crucial for effective prosthetic rehabilitation.
  • Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) allows non-invasive measurement of brain activity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the neural activation patterns in children using upper limb prostheses and prosthetic simulators.
  • To compare brain activity between children with ULR using a prosthesis and typically developing (TD) children using a simulator.
  • To explore the potential of prosthetic simulators in mimicking neural responses during motor tasks.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to measure neural responses.
  • Compared five children with congenital ULR using a prosthesis to five TD children using a simulator.
  • Assessed brain activity in primary motor cortex (M1), supplementary motor area (SMA), and primary somatosensory area (S1) during a gross motor dexterity task.

Main Results:

  • Children with ULR showed lower M1 and SMA activation compared to TD children using simulators.
  • TD children exhibited higher S1 activation when using a simulator versus their non-preferred hand.
  • No significant differences in S1 activation were found between the ULR and TD groups when using the simulator/prosthesis.

Conclusions:

  • Prosthetic simulators may induce rapid shifts in sensory feedback prioritization, emphasizing proprioceptive and tactile input.
  • Findings suggest simulators can elicit neural responses similar to actual prosthesis use.
  • This research can inform the development of improved prosthetic rehabilitation strategies and tool-use training.