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Related Concept Videos

Obesity01:24

Obesity

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The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in...
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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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Short-term regulation of food intake primarily involves neural signals from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, blood nutrient levels, and GI tract hormones. Communication between the gut and brain via vagal nerve fibers plays a significant role in evaluating the contents of the gut. Clinical studies have shown that protein ingestion produces a more prolonged response in these nerve fibers compared to an equivalent amount of glucose. Additionally, the activation of stretch receptors caused by GI...
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Sample Preparation to Bioinformatics Analysis of DNA Methylation: Association Strategy for Obesity and Related Trait Studies
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Childhood Obesity-Related Mechanisms: MicroRNome and Transcriptome Changes in a Nested Case-Control Study.

Jin Hee Kim1, Da Hae Kim1, Youn-Hee Lim2,3

  • 1Department of Integrative Bioscience & Biotechnology, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Korea.

Biomedicines
|August 27, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Childhood obesity may stem from epigenetic changes involving specific microRNAs (miRNAs) and their associated genes. These early-life epigenetic alterations could influence metabolic and cardiovascular disease development later in life.

Keywords:
childrendisease classmRNAmiRNAobesityomicspathway

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Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Childhood obesity is a growing concern, potentially leading to adult obesity and related health issues.
  • The precise mechanisms driving obesity development in children remain largely unknown.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for early intervention and prevention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate epigenome-wide and genome-wide expression changes associated with childhood obesity.
  • To identify specific microRNAs (miRNAs) and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) linked to obesity indicators in children.
  • To explore the potential role of epigenetic mechanisms in childhood obesity development.

Main Methods:

  • Compared microRNome, transcriptome, and leptin protein levels in whole blood from obese and normal-weight 6-year-old children.
  • Utilized bioinformatics tools (miRWalk 2.0, DAVID) to analyze miRNA-mRNA interactions and associated biological pathways.
  • Correlated molecular data with obesity indicators.

Main Results:

  • Four specific miRNAs (miR-328-3p, miR-1301-3p, miR-4685-3p, miR-6803-3p) were negatively associated with obesity indicators.
  • These miRNAs targeted numerous mRNAs, with a subset directly linked to obesity.
  • Leptin protein showed a negative correlation with miR-6803-3p and positive correlation with obesity indicators.
  • Obesity-related gene sets were significantly enriched in metabolic pathways, cancer pathways, and the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.

Conclusions:

  • Childhood obesity may develop via miRNA-related epigenetic mechanisms.
  • These epigenetic changes could influence pathways implicated in metabolic and cardiovascular diseases.
  • Findings highlight the potential of miRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for childhood obesity.