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Related Concept Videos

Human Genetics01:28

Human Genetics

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Human genetics provides a profound framework for understanding the interplay between genetic predispositions and human psychology. At the heart of this discipline lies the study of how genes influence physical traits, behaviors, and susceptibility to diseases. Each person carries a unique genetic code that subtly or significantly shapes their psychological and behavioral landscape.
The complex relationship between genetics and psychology is observable through common biological components such...
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Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS01:11

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Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
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Physiology of Enteric Nervous System and Gut Health01:05

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The gastrointestinal tract, responsible for the digestion and absorption of nutrients, is safeguarded by the intestinal barrier, which consists of secretory, physical, and immune components. At the forefront is the secretory barrier, composed of essential elements such as mucus, gut microbiota, and defense proteins. They collaborate to break down food particles, facilitate nutrient absorption, and maintain optimal gut health. These secretory components ensure the smooth functioning of the...
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Incomplete Dominance01:43

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Gregor Mendel's work (1822 - 1884) was primarily focused on pea plants. Through his initial experiments, he determined that every gene in a diploid cell has two variants called alleles inherited from each parent. He suggested that amongst these two alleles, one allele is dominant in character and the other recessive. The combination of alleles determines the phenotype of a gene in an organism.
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Host Genetics and Gut Microbiome: Perspectives for Multiple Sclerosis.

Alessandro Maglione1, Miriam Zuccalà2, Martina Tosi2

  • 1Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10100 Torino, Italy.

Genes
|August 27, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) involves genetic and environmental factors, including the gut microbiome. This review explores MS genetics, immune-gut-brain interactions, and how host genetics influence the gut microbiome in MS and related autoimmune diseases.

Keywords:
Multiple Sclerosisdysbiosisgut microbiomehost genetics

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Genetics
  • Microbiome Research

Background:

  • Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a complex neurological disease with both genetic and environmental influences.
  • The gut microbiome has gained attention as a significant environmental factor in MS pathogenesis.
  • The interplay between host genetics and the gut microbiome in MS remains largely unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on genetic factors in MS.
  • To illustrate the interactions between the immune system, gut microbiome, and central nervous system in MS.
  • To explore the influence of host genetics on gut microbiome composition in MS, drawing parallels with other autoimmune diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Review of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for MS genetic factors.
  • Synthesis of evidence from Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse models and human patient studies.
  • Analysis of data from Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Rheumatoid Arthritis, and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus to infer genetic-microbiome interactions in MS.

Main Results:

  • Genetic factors identified through GWAS contribute to MS susceptibility.
  • Complex interactions exist between the immune system, gut microbiome, and CNS in MS pathogenesis.
  • Evidence suggests host genetics shape gut microbiome composition, a factor critical in MS and other autoimmune conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the genetic underpinnings of MS is crucial.
  • The gut microbiome plays a significant role in MS, interacting with the immune system and CNS.
  • Further research into host genetics' influence on the gut microbiome is vital for unraveling MS etiology and developing targeted therapies.