Structural and Parametric Optimization of S-CO₂ Nuclear Power Plants

Area of Science:

• Nuclear Engineering
• Thermodynamics
• Energy Systems

Background:

• Supercritical carbon dioxide (S-CO2) is a promising working fluid for advanced power generation.
• S-CO2 cycles offer potential advantages in terms of efficiency, component size, and environmental safety compared to traditional cycles.
• Nuclear power plants are exploring S-CO2 technology for improved performance and sustainability.

Purpose of the Study:

• To perform structural and parametric optimization of S-CO2 nuclear power plants.
• To determine the feasibility and benefits of transitioning from a water-based Rankine cycle to an S-CO2 Brayton cycle.
• To identify the optimal operating conditions for S-CO2 cycles in nuclear applications.

Main Methods:

• Mathematical modeling and simulation of S-CO2 power cycles.
• Comparative analysis of Rankine (water) and Brayton (S-CO2) cycles.
• Parametric studies to optimize plant efficiency and component design.

Main Results:

• The transition to an S-CO2 working fluid for the BREST-OD-300 reactor increased efficiency from 39.8% to 43.1%.
• S-CO2 power generation units can achieve significant reductions in equipment size.
• The S-CO2 Brayton cycle with recompression is advantageous over the Rankine cycle at working fluid temperatures exceeding 455°C.

Conclusions:

• Implementing S-CO2 technology in nuclear power plants enhances electricity production efficiency and environmental safety.
• The S-CO2 Brayton cycle's superior regeneration system makes it a viable and efficient alternative to the Rankine cycle at higher temperatures.
• Optimization of S-CO2 cycles is crucial for maximizing energy output and realizing the full potential of this technology in nuclear energy.