Current Helicobacter pylori Diagnostics.

Area of Science:

• Gastroenterology
• Infectious Diseases
• Medical Diagnostics

Background:

• High prevalence of Helicobacter pylori necessitates accurate diagnostic methods.
• Gastroduodenal diseases are often caused by H. pylori infection.
• Effective diagnosis is vital for treatment monitoring.

Purpose of the Study:

• Review current and novel diagnostic methods for H. pylori detection.
• Discuss advantages and disadvantages of various diagnostic approaches.
• Highlight advancements in endoscopic modalities and artificial intelligence for H. pylori diagnosis.

Main Methods:

• Review of invasive and non-invasive diagnostic tests for H. pylori.
• Evaluation of endoscopic techniques like BLI, LCI, and magnifying endoscopy.
• Assessment of artificial intelligence in predicting H. pylori status from endoscopic images.

Main Results:

• Non-invasive tests (urea breath, stool antigen) are recommended for primary diagnosis.
• Serology is useful for screening and epidemiology.
• Histology aids in detecting H. pylori, inflammation, and precancerous lesions.
• Molecular methods detect antibiotic resistance; cultures are gold standard for susceptibility testing.

Conclusions:

• Accurate H. pylori diagnosis is essential for effective management of gastroduodenal diseases.
• Novel endoscopic technologies and AI show promise in real-time H. pylori detection.
• A spectrum of diagnostic tools, from non-invasive to culture, aids in comprehensive H. pylori assessment.