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Sleep Disorders in Pediatric Migraine: A Questionnaire-Based Study.

Alessandra Voci1, Oliviero Bruni2, Michela Ada Noris Ferilli3

  • 1Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Systems Medicine Department, Tor Vergata University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy.

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Sleep disorders are common in pediatric migraine, often increasing headache frequency and severity. Improving sleep may reduce migraine intensity and disability in children and adolescents.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Pediatrics
  • Sleep Medicine

Background:

  • High comorbidity exists between migraine and sleep disorders (SD).
  • A mutual dependence between sleep and headache is observed.
  • Pediatric migraine significantly impacts quality of life.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the relationship between headache features and sleep in pediatric migraine.
  • To investigate the prevalence of sleep disorders in children and adolescents with migraine.
  • To assess the impact of sleep disorders on migraine frequency, severity, and treatment efficacy.

Main Methods:

  • Parents of pediatric migraine patients completed the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale for Children and Adolescents (ESS-CHAD).
  • Headache characteristics, including frequency, severity, and treatment efficacy, were recorded.
  • Sleep disorders were identified based on CSHQ scores.

Main Results:

  • Sleep disorders were detected in 72.9% of 140 subjects, with only 5.0% previously diagnosed.
  • Patients with SD showed significantly higher headache frequency (p=0.031) and migraine equivalents (p=0.007).
  • Higher CSHQ scores correlated with increased severe attacks (p=0.012) and reduced acute drug efficacy (p=0.003).

Conclusions:

  • Sleep disorders are highly prevalent in pediatric migraine and frequently underdiagnosed.
  • Sleep disorders are associated with increased headache severity and decreased treatment response.
  • Improving sleep quality may reduce migraine intensity and disability in pediatric patients.