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Updated: Oct 22, 2025
Modeling and Evaluation of Murine Diabetic Cardiomyopathy Model
Published on: November 29, 2024
Diabetes Mellitus and Heart Failure
Filippos Triposkiadis1, Andrew Xanthopoulos1, Alexandra Bargiota2
1Department of Cardiology, University General Hospital of Larissa, 411 10 Larissa, Greece.
Insights
Diabetes mellitus (DM) significantly increases heart failure (HF) risk due to hyperglycemia and metabolic issues. New heart failure treatments may also prevent diabetes development, suggesting a bidirectional relationship.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Endocrinology
- Metabolic Diseases
Background:
- Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major risk factor for new-onset heart failure (HF), and vice versa.
- The complex pathogenesis involves hyperglycemia, diabetic cardiomyopathy, and comorbidities like hypertension and coronary artery disease.
- HF in type 1 DM involves immune dysregulation, while type 2 DM is often linked to overweight/obesity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore the intricate relationship between diabetes mellitus and heart failure.
- To discuss the pathogenesis of heart failure in diabetic patients and vice versa.
- To evaluate the impact of novel heart failure medications on cardiogenic diabetes.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on the pathophysiology of DM and HF.
- Analysis of the mechanisms underlying diabetic cardiomyopathy and cardiogenic diabetes.
- Discussion of the cardiovascular effects of hyperglycemia and metabolic abnormalities.
Main Results:
- Diabetes significantly elevates the risk of developing heart failure through various mechanisms.
- Heart failure can lead to new-onset type 2 diabetes (cardiogenic DM), worsening cardiac function.
- Newer HF medications like sacubitril/valsartan and SGLT-2 inhibitors show promise in preventing cardiogenic diabetes.
Conclusions:
- Rigorous management of cardiovascular risk factors and selective antidiabetic agents can prevent HF in DM.
- Cardiogenic DM exacerbates HF outcomes, highlighting the need for integrated management.
- The potential of mitigating cardiogenic DM as a therapeutic target in HF warrants further investigation.
Abstract:
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major risk factor for new-onset heart failure (HF) and vice versa. The pathogenesis of new-onset HF in DM is complex and has been largely attributed to the toxic cardiovascular effects of hyperglycemia and relevant metabolic abnormalities (diabetic cardiomyopathy) as well as the frequently coexisting morbidities such as hypertension (HTN), coronary artery disease (CAD), and diabetic nephropathy. In patients with type 1 DM (T1DM), HF develops in the setting of a dysregulated immune response, whereas in most patients with type 2 DM (T2DM), against a background of overweight/obesity. HF prevention in DM is feasible with rigorous treatment of cardiovascular risk factors and selective antidiabetic agents. Conversely, development of new-onset T2DM in HF (cardiogenic DM) is common and has been attributed to an increase in the resistance to insulin, especially in the skeletal muscle, liver, and adipose tissue as well as in diminished insulin secretory response to hyperglycemia by pancreatic β-cells. Cardiogenic DM further deteriorates cardiac dysfunction and adversely affects outcome in HF. Novel lifesaving medications employed in HF management such as sacubitril/valsartan and sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) have a favorable metabolic profile and lower the incidence of cardiogenic diabetes. Whether mitigation of cardiogenic DM should be a treatment target in HF deserves further investigation.
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