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Debris Removal Using a Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticle-Containing Solution (Vector Polish) with Sonic or Ultrasonic

Michael Hülsmann1, Christoph Beckmann2,3, Steffi Baxter3

  • 1Department of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center for Dentistry, University Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, CH 8032 Zurich, Switzerland.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|August 27, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles did not improve root canal cleanliness when used with sonic or ultrasonic agitation. Standard irrigation with sodium hypochlorite effectively removed debris, while ultrasonically activated nanoparticles performed poorly.

Keywords:
dentinal debrisgrooveshydroxyapatite nanoparticlespassive ultrasonic irrigationsonic irrigation

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Area of Science:

  • Endodontics
  • Biomaterials Science
  • Dental Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Chemomechanical preparation is crucial for root canal treatment, involving mechanical and chemical debris removal.
  • Effective elimination of biofilm and microorganisms is essential for successful root canal therapy.
  • Various irrigation solutions and agitation techniques are employed to enhance root canal cleanliness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of hydroxyapatite nanoparticle solution with sonic or ultrasonic agitation for root canal cleaning.
  • To compare the debris removal capacity of nanoparticle solutions against traditional irrigation methods.

Main Methods:

  • Seventy-four single-rooted teeth were prepared with simulated debris in longitudinal grooves and holes.
  • Experimental groups received final irrigation with sodium hypochlorite or hydroxyapatite nanoparticle solution.
  • Irrigation solutions were activated using sonic or ultrasonic endodontic files; debris was assessed visually.

Main Results:

  • Sonic and ultrasonic irrigation with sodium hypochlorite effectively removed debris from grooves and holes.
  • Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles activated by sonic files showed comparable cleaning to sodium hypochlorite.
  • Ultrasonically activated nanoparticles were less effective, and nanoparticle solutions did not improve debris removal overall.

Conclusions:

  • Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles, in this study, did not offer an advantage in removing root canal debris compared to conventional methods.
  • Sonic activation of nanoparticles showed similar efficacy to sodium hypochlorite, but ultrasonic activation was inferior.
  • Further research may be needed to explore nanoparticle applications in endodontic irrigation.