Fundamental Aspects and Comprehensive Review on Physical Properties of Chemically Grown Tin-Based Binary Sulfides

The rapid research progress in tin-based binary sulfides (Sn_xS_y = o-SnS, c-SnS, SnS₂, and Sn₂S₃) by the solution process has opened a new path not only for photovoltaics to generate clean energy at ultra-low costs but also for photocatalytic and thermoelectric applications. Fascinated by their prosperous developments, a fundamental understanding of the Sn_xS_y thin film growth with respect to the deposition parameters is necessary to enhance the film quality and device performance. Therefore, the present review article initially delivers all-inclusive information such as structural characteristics, optical characteristics, and electrical characteristics of Sn_xS_y. Next, an overview of the chemical bath deposition of Sn_xS_y thin films and the influence of each deposition parameter on the growth and physical properties of Sn_xS_y are interestingly outlined.