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This review explores red-emissive carbon dots (C-dots), highlighting strategies to tune their photoluminescence (PL) for advanced applications like bioimaging and LEDs. We cover methods for achieving red emission and their uses in various materials.

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Area of Science:

  • Nanomaterials Science
  • Photochemistry
  • Materials Chemistry

Background:

  • Carbon dots (C-dots) are non-toxic nanoemitters with tunable photoluminescence (PL) and high quantum yield (QY).
  • Most research focuses on blue/green emitting C-dots, limiting applications.
  • Red-emissive C-dots are crucial for bioimaging, photothermal/photodynamic therapy, and LEDs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review strategies for achieving red-emissive carbon dots.
  • To emphasize applications of red-emitting C-dot systems.
  • To provide a comprehensive overview of modulating C-dot photoluminescence.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of literature on C-dot emission modulation.
  • Analysis of strategies including sp2 domain conjugation, heteroatom doping, solvatochromism, surface functionalization, and passivation.
  • Examination of applications in suspensions, nanopowders, and polymer nanocomposites.

Main Results:

  • Various methods effectively shift C-dot PL towards longer wavelengths (red emission).
  • These strategies enable C-dots for specialized applications requiring red light emission.
  • Red-emissive C-dots show promise in bioimaging, therapy, and optoelectronic devices.

Conclusions:

  • Modulating C-dot properties is key to unlocking their full potential.
  • Red-emissive C-dots offer significant advantages for advanced technological applications.
  • This review consolidates knowledge on red-emitting C-dots and their diverse uses.