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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 22, 2025

Measuring Biophysical and Psychological Stress Levels Following Visitation to Three Locations with Differing Levels of Nature

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Published on: June 19, 2019

The Effects of Forest Therapy on Immune Function.

Youngran Chae¹, Sunhee Lee², Youngmi Jo³

¹College of Nursing, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea.

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

|August 27, 2021

Summary

Forest therapy, a nature-based intervention, significantly enhances immune function in adults. This review found improvements in natural killer (NK) cell activity and counts, supporting its therapeutic benefits.

Keywords:

adults forest therapy immune function

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Area of Science:

Environmental Medicine
Immunology
Public Health

Background:

Forest therapy, also known as forest bathing, involves immersive nature experiences.
Growing interest exists in non-pharmacological interventions to boost immune health.
Understanding the immunological effects of forest therapy is crucial for public health.

Purpose of the Study:

To systematically review the effects of forest therapy programs on adult immune function.
To synthesize evidence on immunological outcomes associated with forest therapy interventions.
To identify the types of forest therapy programs and their impact on immune markers.

Main Methods:

Systematic review using PICO-SD framework (Participants, Interventions, Comparisons, Outcomes, Study Design).
Included experimental studies: randomized controlled trials (RCTs), non-equivalent control group designs (non-RCTs), and one-group pretest-posttest designs.
Analyzed 13 studies evaluating forest therapy's impact on immune measures like NK cell count and activity.

Main Results:

Most studies reported significant improvements in immune function markers post-forest therapy.
Key indicators showing enhancement include increased number and cytotoxic activity of natural killer (NK) cells.
Both lodging-type and session-type forest therapy programs demonstrated positive effects on immune function.

Conclusions:

Forest therapy is an effective intervention for improving adult immune function.
Evidence supports the positive impact of forest therapy on NK cell-mediated immunity.
Further high-quality RCTs are needed to solidify these findings and explore long-term effects.