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Related Concept Videos

Decreased Body Temperature01:29

Decreased Body Temperature

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A decreased body temperature can occur in patients with hypothermia and frostbite. Heat loss with extended cold exposure overpowers the body's ability to create heat, resulting in hypothermia. Core temperature readings help classify hypothermia. Mild hypothermia is temperatures between 32 °C (89.6 °F) and 35°C (95 °F) and is caused by impaired thermoregulation. Moderate hypothermia is temperatures between 28 C (82.4 °F) and 32 °C (89.6 °F) caused by...
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Methods of reducing fever01:22

Methods of reducing fever

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The signs and symptoms of fever include hot and dry skin, flushed face, thirst, muscle aches, anorexia, headache, tachycardia, tachypnea, and fatigue. Elevated body temperature is reduced using two methods: pharmacological and nonpharmacological. Proper identification and treatment of the root cause of a fever is of utmost importance.
Pharmacological Methods of Reducing Fever:
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Factors Affecting Body Temperature01:28

Factors Affecting Body Temperature

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As a nurse, it is vital to understand the factors affecting body temperature to monitor variations and effectively evaluate deviations from regular.
Factors may  include:
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Increased Body Temperature01:25

Increased Body Temperature

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A body temperature above  38°C  (100.4 °F) is known as fever or pyrexia, and a person with fever is termed 'febrile.' Typically, the hypothalamus, a part of the brain that acts as the body's thermostat, regulates body temperature through a thermoregulatory setpoint. It receives signals from cold and warm thermal receptors throughout the body and adjusts the body's temperature accordingly. Fever occurs when this hypothalamic setpoint is altered, usually in...
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Homeostatic Imbalances in Body Temperature01:19

Homeostatic Imbalances in Body Temperature

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Hyperthermia occurs when the body's temperature becomes unusually high, often due to heat exposure, intense physical activity, or certain illnesses. This condition can create a dangerous cycle where elevated body temperature increases the metabolic rate, generating more heat and potentially leading to organ failure and brain damage. A severe form of hyperthermia, called heat stroke, can raise body temperature to life-threatening levels. Fever, on the other hand, is a controlled form of...
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Thermoregulation01:26

Thermoregulation

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The human body has a sophisticated thermoregulation system that employs negative feedback mechanisms to maintain an optimal core temperature. When the core temperature drops, peripheral and central thermoreceptors send signals to the hypothalamus, activating the heat-promoting center. This center triggers several responses aimed at increasing the core temperature. First, vasoconstriction reduces the flow of warm blood from internal organs to the skin so that the heat is not lost from the skin,...
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Updated: Oct 22, 2025

Esophageal Heat Transfer for Patient Temperature Control and Targeted Temperature Management
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Hypothermia in Trauma.

Michiel J van Veelen1, Monika Brodmann Maeder1,2

  • 1Eurac Research, Institute of Mountain Emergency Medicine, 39100 Bolzano, Italy.

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
|August 27, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Hypothermia in trauma patients, worsened by bleeding, creates a lethal triad. Early recognition and prevention of further cooling are vital for survival, though controlled hypothermia may benefit specific injuries.

Keywords:
ECLScardiac arrestcoagulationemergency preservation resuscitationextracorporeal life supporthemorrhagehypothermialethal triadtraumatraumatic brain injury

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Area of Science:

  • Emergency Medicine
  • Trauma Care
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Hypothermia is a frequent complication in trauma patients, exacerbated by hemorrhage and leading to hypovolemic shock.
  • This creates a lethal triad of hypothermia, coagulopathy, and acidosis, perpetuating bleeding and negatively impacting patient outcomes.
  • Environmental exposure and medical interventions can further worsen hypothermia in trauma settings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review key factors in managing co-existing trauma and hypothermia from a prehospital and emergency medical standpoint.
  • To emphasize the importance of early recognition and staging of hypothermia for appropriate triage and improved survival.
  • To discuss therapeutic strategies for hypothermia in trauma, including rewarming and potential benefits of controlled hypothermia in specific cases.

Main Methods:

  • This is a narrative review.
  • The review synthesizes information on the pathophysiology of hypothermia in trauma.
  • It examines prehospital and emergency medical considerations for recognition and management.

Main Results:

  • Early prehospital recognition and staging of hypothermia are critical for effective triage and improved survival.
  • Preventing further cooling during prehospital care and initial assessment is a primary treatment goal.
  • Active rewarming is indicated for hypothermia-induced coagulopathy in trauma, but controlled hypothermia may offer neuroprotection in traumatic brain injury or cardiac arrest.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of hypothermia in trauma requires a multi-faceted approach starting in the prehospital setting.
  • Prompt recognition, prevention of further heat loss, and appropriate rewarming strategies are essential.
  • Careful consideration of the potential benefits of controlled hypothermia in select trauma cases is warranted.