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Does Each Menstrual Cycle Elicit a Distinct Effect on Olfactory and Gustatory Perception?

Žana Stanić1, Ajka Pribisalić2, Maria Bošković3

  • 1Department of Integrative Gynecology, Obstetrics and Minimally Invasive Gynaecologic Surgery, General Hospital Zabok and Hospital of Croatian Veterans, Bračak 8, 49210 Zabok, Croatia.

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|August 27, 2021
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Summary

The menstrual cycle significantly impacts women's sense of smell and taste, influencing sweet, salty, and sour perceptions. Tracking women through a complete cycle revealed distinct sensory changes tied to hormonal fluctuations.

Keywords:
gustatory perceptionmenstrual cycleolfactory perceptionoral contraceptivessuprathreshold taste intensitytaste hedonics

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Endocrinology
  • Sensory Science

Background:

  • The obesity pandemic highlights the need to understand food intake and sensory perception.
  • Olfactory and gustatory perception are influenced by various factors, including the menstrual cycle.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To clarify conflicting findings on the menstrual cycle's influence on olfactory and gustatory perception.
  • To investigate sensory perception changes across different phases of the menstrual cycle.

Main Methods:

  • Assessed olfactory threshold, discrimination, and identification using the "Sniffin Sticks" test.
  • Evaluated suprathreshold intensity and hedonic ratings for sweet, salty, sour, and bitter solutions.
  • Utilized statistical analyses including ANOVA, linear/trigonometric fitting, and linear mixed models across various participant groups.

Main Results:

  • Women followed across a complete menstrual cycle showed linear increases in olfactory discrimination and identification.
  • These women exhibited a cyclic pattern with a preference for sweet solutions and altered perception of salty, sour, and bitter tastes.
  • Sensory perception changes were distinct compared to women measured across two cycles or control groups.

Conclusions:

  • A complete menstrual cycle, with its distinct hormonal milieu, significantly affects both olfactory and gustatory perception.
  • The findings suggest hormonal fluctuations during the menstrual cycle modulate sensory experiences related to taste and smell.