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Updated: Oct 22, 2025

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Invasive cortical stimulation.

Richard Ogbuji1, Brian Harris Kopell1

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, The Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, United States.

International Review of Neurobiology
|August 27, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Invasive cortical stimulation, a neuromodulation technique, shows growing evidence for treating various neurological conditions like pain and epilepsy. This review explores its applications, mechanisms, and future potential.

Area of Science:

  • Neuromodulation
  • Neurosurgery
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Neuromodulation uses electrical brain stimulation to treat pathologies.
  • Invasive cortical stimulation is an established yet underutilized technique.
  • Recent evidence supports the efficacy of direct invasive cortical stimulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evidence for invasive cortical stimulation.
  • To explore applications in neuropathic pain, epilepsy, psychiatric disease, movement disorders, tinnitus, and post-stroke recovery.
  • To discuss potential mechanisms and future directions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on invasive cortical stimulation.
  • Analysis of evidence for efficacy across various neurological conditions.
Keywords:
Epicranial stimulationEpilepsyInvasive cortical stimulationMovement disordersNeuromodulationNeuropathic painPost-stroke rehabilitationPsychiatric diseaseReviewTinnitus

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  • Exploration of proposed mechanisms of action.

    • Main Results:

    • Growing evidence supports the use of invasive cortical stimulation for multiple conditions.
    • The technique is applicable to neuropathic pain, epilepsy, psychiatric disorders, movement disorders, tinnitus, and post-stroke recovery.
    • Potential mechanisms and future research avenues are identified.

    Conclusions:

    • Invasive cortical stimulation is a promising therapeutic option with expanding applications.
    • Further research is warranted to optimize its use and understand underlying mechanisms.
    • This technique holds potential for improving patient outcomes in various neurological conditions.