Clinching the diagnosis: fine needle aspiration cytology

Fine needle aspiration cytology is now a recognised and well established technique. The procedure is simple and relatively non-invasive. It is cost-effective, and may significantly reduce diagnostic delay. It is particularly indicated in the diagnosis of malignant neoplasia, both primary and metastatic. It is also suitable for identification and culture of infective agents. In addition, certain other benign lesions and non-neoplastic conditions may be recognised. The contraindications and complications are few. The limitations of the procedure are related to the nature, site and size of the lesion. The accuracy of the procedure is also influenced by the adequacy of the aspirator's technique as well as the experience and skill of the pathologist.