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Related Concept Videos

Parkinson's Disease: Overview01:15

Parkinson's Disease: Overview

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Neurodegenerative disorders are progressive diseases that cause irreversible damage and loss to neurons in specific brain areas. Examples of these disorders include Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). These disorders share characteristics such as proteinopathies, selective neuronal vulnerability, and a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. The primary therapeutic goal for these conditions is...
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Parkinson's Disease: Treatment01:24

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Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's Disease (PD), involve the gradual and irreversible destruction of neurons in particular brain areas. These disorders exhibit standard features like proteinopathies, selective vulnerability of some neurons, and an interaction of intrinsic properties, genetics, and environmental influences in neural injury.
Parkinson's Disease is primarily a result of the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. The cornerstone of...
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Primary Writing Tremor: Current Concepts.

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Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology
|August 27, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Primary Writing Tremor (PWT) is a task-specific condition affecting only writing. Differentiating PWT from writer's cramp is challenging due to overlapping symptoms, requiring further research into effective treatments.

Keywords:
Dystoniaessential tremorprimary writing tremorwriter's cramp

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Movement Disorders

Background:

  • Primary Writing Tremor (PWT) is a task-specific tremor.
  • It presents diagnostic challenges due to overlap with writer's cramp.
  • PWT is characterized by a 5-7Hz tremor, typically in the dominant hand, exacerbated by anxiety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To differentiate Primary Writing Tremor from writer's cramp.
  • To explore the underlying pathophysiology of PWT.
  • To review current and potential treatment strategies for PWT.

Main Methods:

  • Clinical feature comparison between PWT and writer's cramp.
  • Electromyography (EMG) to assess muscle activity.
  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate brain activation patterns.

Main Results:

  • PWT differs from writer's cramp in normal H-reflex inhibition and lack of proximal EMG excess.
  • fMRI reveals PWT involves underactivation in the cingulum and overactivation in motor areas.
  • No randomized controlled trials currently exist for PWT treatment.

Conclusions:

  • PWT may be a distinct entity from writer's cramp, supported by neurophysiological and neuroimaging findings.
  • Current treatment options include medication, botulinum toxin, surgery (DBS), and occupational therapy.
  • Further research, including randomized controlled trials, is needed to establish evidence-based treatments for PWT.