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Acute acalculous cholecystitis due to infectious causes
Ioulia Markaki1, Afroditi Konsoula2, Lamprini Markaki3
1Department of Emergency, General Hospital of Kythira "Trifyllio", Kythira 80200, Greece.
World Journal of Clinical Cases
|August 27, 2021
Summary
Acute acalculous cholecystitis (AAC), gallbladder inflammation without stones, can stem from infections in healthy individuals. Understanding these infectious mechanisms is crucial for diagnosis and treatment.
Area of Science:
- Gastroenterology
- Pathophysiology
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Acute acalculous cholecystitis (AAC) is gallbladder inflammation without gallstones.
- AAC typically affects critically ill patients but can occur in healthy individuals.
- Infectious etiologies are primary drivers of AAC in non-critically ill patients.
Purpose of the Study:
- To discuss the pathophysiological mechanisms of AAC.
- To focus on infectious causes of AAC.
- To highlight the importance of pathogen identification in AAC.
Main Methods:
- Review of pathophysiological mechanisms of AAC.
- Focus on infectious etiologies.
- Discussion of contributing factors like bile stasis, ischemia, and direct invasion.
Main Results:
- AAC in critically ill patients involves bile stasis and gallbladder ischemia.
- In non-critically ill patients, AAC mechanisms include epithelial cell invasion, vasculitis, biliary obstruction, and sequestration.
- Multiple pathogenic mechanisms can contribute concurrently to AAC.
Conclusions:
- Infectious causes are key in AAC among healthy individuals.
- Awareness of pathogens aids histopathological examination.
- Further research and clinical suspicion are needed to understand AAC pathogenesis.
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