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Updated: Oct 22, 2025

Assessment of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell-Associated Toxicities Using an Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Patient-Derived Xenograft Mouse Model
06:08

Assessment of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell-Associated Toxicities Using an Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Patient-Derived Xenograft Mouse Model

Published on: February 10, 2023

1.5K

[Management of toxicities from immunotherapy]

Kathrin Heinrich, Michael von Bergwelt-Baildon, Sebastian Theurich

    Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift (1946)
    |August 27, 2021
    PubMed

    Immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors - monoclonal antibodies targeting cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4) or the programmed death-1 receptor (PD-1) and its ligand PD-L1 - is now standard of care in the treatment of patients with various tumor types. Therefore, the management of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) has become part of clinical routine.Immune-related adverse events can involve any organ or tissue. They can occur very early within days or weeks after initiation of treatment but can also occur months into treatment and after termination of treatment. Newest data suggest that irAEs can occur until 2 years after stopping therapy.Immune-related adverse events are graded according to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE). Treatment ranges from local or symptomatic treatment, systemic application of corticosteroids to other immunosuppressive agents according to severity.The following article seeks to give a general approach to the management of patients receiving immunotherapy and experiencing irAEs including prevention, diagnostics and treatment.

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