Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 22, 2025

Sequencing Small Non-coding RNA from Formalin-fixed Tissues and Serum-derived Exosomes from Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer Patients
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A New Old Target: Androgen Receptor Signaling and Advanced Prostate Cancer

Daniel Westaby1,2, Maria de Los Dolores Fenor de La Maza1,2, Alec Paschalis1,2

  • 1The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, United Kingdom;

Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology
|August 27, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Advanced prostate cancer treatment has progressed with novel therapies targeting the androgen receptor (AR). Understanding AR signaling and resistance mechanisms is key to developing new strategies for this fatal disease.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Advanced prostate cancer remains a significant cause of cancer mortality despite recent therapeutic advancements.
  • The androgen receptor (AR) signaling pathway is crucial in prostate cancer development and progression.
  • Current treatments targeting the AR signaling axis have improved patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evolution of targeting the AR in advanced prostate cancer.
  • To elucidate the biology of AR signaling and mechanisms of resistance to AR-targeting agents.
  • To discuss future perspectives and novel therapeutic strategies for advanced prostate cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on AR signaling in prostate cancer.
  • Analysis of current and emerging AR-targeting therapies.
  • Exploration of resistance mechanisms to AR-targeted drugs.

Main Results:

  • Significant progress has been made in targeting the AR signaling axis.
  • Abiraterone, enzalutamide, darolutamide, and apalutamide have shown efficacy in advanced prostate cancer.
  • Mechanisms of resistance to AR-targeting agents are complex and require further investigation.

Conclusions:

  • Targeting the AR remains a central strategy in advanced prostate cancer treatment.
  • Understanding and overcoming resistance mechanisms are critical for future drug development.
  • Novel therapeutic strategies are emerging to improve outcomes for patients with advanced prostate cancer.
Keywords:
androgen receptorprostate cancertherapiestreatment resistance

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