Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Determination01:51

Determination

19.7K
During embryogenesis, cells become progressively committed to different fates through a two-step process: specification followed by determination. Specification is demonstrated by removing a segment of an early embryo, “neutrally” culturing the tissue in vitro—for example, in a petri dish with simple medium—and then observing the derivatives. If the cultured region gives rise to cell types that it would normally generate in the embryo, this means that it is specified. In...
19.7K
Hedgehog Signaling Pathway02:33

Hedgehog Signaling Pathway

7.8K
The Hedgehog gene (Hh) was first discovered due to its control of the growth of disorganized, hair-like bristles phenotype in Drosophila, much like hedgehog spines. Hh plays a crucial role in the development of organs and the maintenance of homeostasis in both invertebrates and vertebrates. However, while Drosophila has only one Hh protein, mammals have multiple functional Hedgehog proteins - Sonic (Shh), Desert (Dhh), and Indian Hedgehog (Ihh). All of these homologous proteins have adapted to...
7.8K
Sutures of the Skull01:22

Sutures of the Skull

8.5K
The human skull is composed of several bones that come together to protect the brain and support the structures of the face. The junctions where these bones meet are called sutures.
Sutures are immobile joints between adjacent bones of the skull. The narrow gap between the bones is filled with dense, fibrous connective tissue that unites the bones. The long sutures located between the skull bones are not straight but instead follow irregular, tightly twisting paths. These twisting lines tightly...
8.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Optimization of RNA Sequencing Workflow in Brush Swabs of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.)·2026
Same author

Short- and long-term changes in renal function following percutaneous cryoablation: a comparison of endophytic versus exophytic renal tumors.

Journal of vascular and interventional radiology : JVIR·2026
Same author

Meckel's cartilage and SOX9/Scx expression during morphogenesis of the mouse mylohyoid attachment site.

Anatomical science international·2026
Same author

A single-nucleus multiome analysis of transcriptome and chromatin accessibility reveals cell-type-specific immune modulation for chronic cannabis use among people with HIV infection.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Age-related decline in NCKX4-mediated calcium clearance accelerates aortic remodelling and drives early vascular ageing.

The Journal of physiology·2026
Same author

Controlled-release nanoparticle of toll-like receptors-7/8 agonist enhances immune activation and inhibits gastric cancer in a preclinical mouse model.

Cancer cell international·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 22, 2025

Isolation of Whole Cell Protein Lysates from Mouse Facial Processes and Cultured Palatal Mesenchyme Cells for Phosphoprotein Analysis
07:26

Isolation of Whole Cell Protein Lysates from Mouse Facial Processes and Cultured Palatal Mesenchyme Cells for Phosphoprotein Analysis

Published on: April 1, 2022

2.1K

R-Spondin 3 Regulates Mammalian Dental and Craniofacial Development.

Krishnakali Dasgupta1, Jeffry M Cesario1, Sara Ha1

  • 1Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA.

Journal of Developmental Biology
|August 27, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

R-spondins (RSPOs) are crucial for tooth and craniofacial development. Inactivating Rspo3 in mice resulted in lost incisors, and combined Rspo2/Rspo3 inactivation severely disrupted craniofacial and dental development.

Keywords:
Rspo2Rspo3WNT signaling pathwaycraniofacial developmentembryosmicetooth

More Related Videos

Analyzing Craniofacial Morphogenesis in Zebrafish Using 4D Confocal Microscopy
09:16

Analyzing Craniofacial Morphogenesis in Zebrafish Using 4D Confocal Microscopy

Published on: January 30, 2014

11.2K
Accessing the Cytotoxicity and Cell Response to Biomaterials
09:46

Accessing the Cytotoxicity and Cell Response to Biomaterials

Published on: July 8, 2021

4.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 22, 2025

Isolation of Whole Cell Protein Lysates from Mouse Facial Processes and Cultured Palatal Mesenchyme Cells for Phosphoprotein Analysis
07:26

Isolation of Whole Cell Protein Lysates from Mouse Facial Processes and Cultured Palatal Mesenchyme Cells for Phosphoprotein Analysis

Published on: April 1, 2022

2.1K
Analyzing Craniofacial Morphogenesis in Zebrafish Using 4D Confocal Microscopy
09:16

Analyzing Craniofacial Morphogenesis in Zebrafish Using 4D Confocal Microscopy

Published on: January 30, 2014

11.2K
Accessing the Cytotoxicity and Cell Response to Biomaterials
09:46

Accessing the Cytotoxicity and Cell Response to Biomaterials

Published on: July 8, 2021

4.0K

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Genetics
  • Oral Biology

Background:

  • Tooth development involves complex epithelial-mesenchymal signaling.
  • Canonical WNT signaling is vital for odontogenesis.
  • R-spondins (RSPOs) are secreted proteins that modulate WNT signaling, but their role in tooth development is largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of R-spondins (RSPOs), specifically Rspo2 and Rspo3, in mammalian tooth and craniofacial development.
  • To determine if functional compensation occurs between different RSPO genes during odontogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized genetic inactivation of Rspo2 and Rspo3 genes in mouse models.
  • Examined craniofacial and dental phenotypes in Rspo2 single mutants, Rspo3 single mutants, and Rspo2/Rspo3 double mutants.
  • Analyzed developmental stages from early bud to later formation.

Main Results:

  • Inactivating Rspo2 alone resulted in supernumerary lower molars with normal teeth at other positions.
  • Inactivating Rspo3 in craniofacial mesenchyme led to the loss of lower incisors, arrested at the bud stage.
  • Simultaneous inactivation of Rspo2 and Rspo3 caused severe craniofacial abnormalities and impaired development of all teeth.

Conclusions:

  • Rspo3 is a critical regulator of mammalian dental and craniofacial development.
  • The mild phenotype of Rspo2 mutants suggests functional compensation by other RSPO proteins, likely including Rspo3.
  • Combined Rspo2 and Rspo3 deficiency highlights their synergistic roles in early craniofacial and tooth morphogenesis.