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In-Line Mach-Zehnder Interferometers Based on a Capillary Hollow-Core Fiber Using Vernier Effect for a Highly

Sigifredo Marrujo-García1, Iván Hernández-Romano2, Daniel A May-Arrioja3

  • 1Electronics Department, DICIS, Universidad de Guanajuato, Carretera Salamanca-Valle de Santiago km 3.5 + 1.8, Salamanca 36885, Mexico.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We developed a novel, highly sensitive fiber optic temperature sensor using two cascaded Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZI) and the Vernier effect. This advanced sensor offers a significantly enhanced temperature sensitivity for precise biological measurements.

Keywords:
Mach–Zehnder interferometerVernier effectcapillary hollow-core fiberoptical fiber sensors

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Area of Science:

  • Optoelectronics
  • Fiber Optics
  • Sensor Technology

Background:

  • Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZIs) are widely used for sensing applications.
  • Enhancing the sensitivity of MZI-based sensors is crucial for high-resolution measurements.
  • The Vernier effect offers a potential mechanism for amplifying sensor response.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and demonstrate a highly sensitive temperature sensor.
  • To leverage the Vernier effect for enhanced temperature sensitivity in fiber optic sensors.
  • To investigate the performance of cascaded MZIs for temperature sensing in biological applications.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of all-fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZIs) using capillary hollow-core fiber (CHCF) and multimode fibers (MMFs).
  • Cascading two MZI structures to exploit the Vernier effect for sensitivity enhancement.
  • Experimental characterization of temperature sensitivity and resolution within a specific temperature range.
  • Numerical analysis to validate experimental findings and understand the Vernier effect's contribution.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a high temperature sensitivity of 1.964 nm/°C in the 10-70 °C range.
  • Demonstrated a temperature resolution of 0.0153 °C.
  • The cascaded MZI configuration showed approximately 67.03 times higher sensitivity compared to a single MZI.
  • Numerical simulations showed excellent agreement with experimental results.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed cascaded MZI sensor effectively utilizes the Vernier effect for significantly enhanced temperature sensitivity.
  • The sensor exhibits high performance, small size, and ease of fabrication.
  • This sensor is a promising candidate for precise temperature measurements in biological applications.