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Related Concept Videos

Compass

Compass

The compass is a fundamental instrument that operates by aligning its magnetic needle with Earth's magnetic field. This alignment facilitates navigation and orientation, offering a means to determine direction relative to magnetic north. However, the magnetic needle points to magnetic north, which differs slightly from true geographic north due to magnetic declination, which is the angular deviation between these two points. Declination varies based on geographic location and shifts over time...

Magnetic Declination

Magnetic Declination

Magnetic declination is the angle between true north, which aligns with the Earth's rotational axis, and magnetic north, which follows the direction of the Earth's magnetic field. This discrepancy exists because the magnetic poles do not coincide with the geographic poles. The value of magnetic declination depends on the observer's location on Earth and is subject to changes over time due to the dynamic nature of the Earth's magnetic field.The declination is called eastern when magnetic north...

Magnetism

Magnetism

Magnets are commonly found in everyday objects, such as toys, hangers, elevators, doorbells, and computer devices. Experimentation on these magnets shows that all magnets have two poles: one is labeled north (N) and the other south (S). Magnetic poles repel if they are alike and attract if unlike. Moreover, both poles of a magnet attract unmagnetized pieces of iron.
An individual magnetic pole cannot be isolated. No matter how small, every piece of a magnet contains a north pole and a south...

Magnetic Susceptibility and Permeability

Magnetic Susceptibility and Permeability

In linear magnetic materials, like paramagnets and diamagnets, magnetization is proportional to the magnetic field intensity. The constant of proportionality, a dimensionless number, is called magnetic susceptibility. The value of the susceptibility depends on the type of material.
When diamagnetic materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Hence, the susceptibility for diamagnets has a minimal negative value of 10-5–10-6. Since...

Magnetic Damping

Magnetic Damping

Eddy currents can produce significant drag on motion, called magnetic damping. For instance, when a metallic pendulum bob swings between the poles of a strong magnet, significant drag acts on the bob as it enters and leaves the field, quickly damping the motion.
If, however, the bob is a slotted metal plate, the magnet produces a much smaller effect. When a slotted metal plate enters the field, an emf is induced by the change in flux; however, it is less effective because the slots limit the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 22, 2025

Optimizing Magnetic Force Microscopy Resolution and Sensitivity to Visualize Nanoscale Magnetic Domains

Optimizing Magnetic Force Microscopy Resolution and Sensitivity to Visualize Nanoscale Magnetic Domains

Published on: July 20, 2022

Precision Magnetometers for Aerospace Applications: A Review.

James S Bennett¹, Brian E Vyhnalek², Hamish Greenall¹

¹School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

|August 28, 2021

Summary

Advanced magnetometers are essential for aerospace applications, enabling precise measurements and reliable craft control. Future optical magnetometers promise enhanced performance for space exploration and navigation.

Keywords:

aerospace magnetic navigation magnetometer

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Area of Science:

Aerospace Engineering
Physics
Instrumentation

Background:

Aerospace technologies are vital for communication, navigation, and exploration.
Reliable craft control and high-precision measurements are critical for aerospace missions.
Magnetometers are key instruments for both control and measurement in space.

Purpose of the Study:

To review past, present, and emerging magnetometer technologies for aerospace.
To highlight the advantages of optical readout magnetometers.
To explore future applications enabled by advanced magnetometers.

Main Methods:

Review of historical and current magnetometer instruments and their aerospace applications.
Focus on optical magnetometers, including atomic, diamond defect, and optomechanical types.
Analysis of performance metrics such as sensitivity, size, weight, and power consumption.

Main Results:

Magnetometers have a proven track record in numerous successful aerospace missions.
Optical magnetometers offer superior performance characteristics compared to existing techniques.
These advancements enable new possibilities in unmanned vehicles, navigation, and exploration.

Conclusions:

Magnetometers are indispensable for aerospace applications.
Optical magnetometers represent a significant technological advancement.
Future developments in magnetometers will drive innovation in space exploration and utilization.