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Undiagnosed Cases of Human Pneumonia Following Exposure to Chlamydia psittaci from an Infected Rosella Parrot
Anne-Lise Chaber1, Martina Jelocnik2, Lucy Woolford1
1School of Animal and Veterinary Science, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA 5371, Australia.
Abstract:
This report describes two cases of occupational exposure to Chlamydia psittaci following dissection of an infected Rosella (Platycercus elegans). The C. psittaci infections (with one of them resulting in diagnosed pneumonia and hospitalisation) were undiagnosed during routine medical investigations but later established due to epidemiological and clinical evidence, and molecular testing of the archived Rosella' specimens. This case report stresses the importance of correct application and interpretation of diagnostic tests and the need to raise awareness about this zoonotic pathogen among medical practitioners and people exposed to potential animal carriers. Our findings suggest other infected individuals might be misdiagnosed and that C. psittaci (psittacosis) is likely to be underreported in Australia. This case highlights the need to operationalise the One Health concept. We call for improved communication between human and animal health service providers to allow accurate and rapid diagnosis of this zoonotic disease and raised awareness among medical practitioners. Further targeted surveys of wild birds (and other animals) should be conducted to improve assessment of risks to the general population and people working with or exposed to wild birds.
Insights
Two individuals contracted Chlamydia psittaci (psittacosis) after handling an infected Rosella parrot. This zoonotic disease may be underdiagnosed, highlighting the need for better awareness and diagnostic practices.
Area of Science:
- Zoonotic disease transmission
- Occupational health and safety
- Veterinary pathology
Background:
- Chlamydia psittaci is a zoonotic pathogen that can cause psittacosis in humans.
- Occupational exposure to avian species poses a risk for psittacosis transmission.
- Underreporting of psittacosis may occur due to diagnostic challenges.
Observation:
- Two cases of occupational Chlamydia psittaci infection occurred after dissecting an infected Rosella parrot.
- Initial medical investigations failed to diagnose the C. psittaci infections.
- Epidemiological, clinical, and molecular evidence confirmed the diagnoses, including pneumonia and hospitalization in one case.
Findings:
- Chlamydia psittaci infections were confirmed through molecular testing of avian specimens.
- The cases highlight potential misdiagnosis of psittacosis in individuals exposed to infected birds.
- Psittacosis is likely underreported in Australia, necessitating improved diagnostic approaches.
Implications:
- Accurate diagnostic test application and interpretation are crucial for identifying zoonotic diseases.
- Increased awareness of psittacosis among medical practitioners and exposed individuals is vital.
- Operationalizing the One Health concept and enhancing inter-professional communication are essential for managing zoonotic risks.
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