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This review explores advanced breeding techniques for common and Tartary buckwheat. It highlights using genomics and genetic engineering to improve crop yield and identify health-benefiting buckwheat metabolites.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant breeding and genetics
  • Agricultural science
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • The *Fagopyrum* genus encompasses cultivated common buckwheat (*F. esculentum*) and Tartary buckwheat (*F. tataricum*), alongside over 25 wild species.
  • Current breeding efforts aim to enhance cultivated buckwheat properties through classical, biotechnological, or combined approaches.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review modern biotechnological methods for buckwheat improvement.
  • To explore the potential of these methods in identifying and producing health-promoting buckwheat metabolites.

Main Methods:

  • Transcriptomics and genomics
  • Interspecific hybridization
  • Tissue culture and plant regeneration
  • Molecular markers
  • Genetic transformation and genome editing

Main Results:

  • These advanced techniques offer pathways to overcome key challenges in buckwheat breeding.
  • Potential for targeted improvement of traits related to crop yield and medicinal compound synthesis.

Conclusions:

  • Advanced molecular and breeding techniques are crucial for enhancing buckwheat's agricultural and pharmaceutical value.
  • Addressing genetic uncertainties is key to unlocking buckwheat's full potential.