Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Poliomyelitis01:17

Poliomyelitis

Poliomyelitis is caused by poliovirus, a small, non-enveloped, positive-sense RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family and Enterovirus genus. Transmission occurs primarily via the fecal-oral route, often through ingestion of contaminated water or food. The virus initially replicates in the oropharynx and intestinal mucosa, particularly in lymphoid tissues such as the tonsils, Peyer’s patches, and regional lymph nodes. Primary viremia follows, allowing dissemination throughout the body.In most...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Normoferritinemic Versus Hyperferritinemic Inflammation in Patients Admitted to the Department of Internal Medicine.

Journal of clinical medicine·2026
Same author

Revascularization of Left Anterior Descending Artery with Minimally Invasive Direct Coronary Artery Bypass Graft vs. Drug Eluting Stents: A Retrospective, Two-Center Study.

Journal of clinical medicine·2026
Same author

Development of a Triage-Level Predictive Model for Hospitalization in the Emergency Department.

Journal of clinical medicine·2026
Same author

Sun-Exposed vs. Non-Sun-Exposed Areas: Epidemiology and Pathogenesis of Non-Metastatic Merkel Cell Carcinoma.

Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Surveillance of Smoldering Myeloma Patients Who Progress to Active Disease Is Associated with Favorable Outcomes.

Cancers·2026
Same author

Predictors of Contrast Extravasation in the Emergency Department: A Case-Control Multi-Center Retrospective Study.

The Journal of emergency medicine·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

EPA Method 1615. Measurement of Enterovirus and Norovirus Occurrence in Water by Culture and RT-qPCR. I. Collection of Virus Samples
10:48

EPA Method 1615. Measurement of Enterovirus and Norovirus Occurrence in Water by Culture and RT-qPCR. I. Collection of Virus Samples

Published on: March 28, 2015

12.5K

Inferring Numbers of Wild Poliovirus Excretors Using Quantitative Environmental Surveillance.

Yuri Perepliotchikov1, Tomer Ziv-Baran2, Musa Hindiyeh1,2

  • 1Central Virology Laboratory, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel.

Vaccines
|August 28, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Rapid, quantitative RT-PCR from environmental samples can track poliovirus outbreaks. This method helps monitor infected individuals and guides intervention strategies for viral diseases like polio and SARS-CoV-2.

Keywords:
asymptomatic infectionscomposite sewage samplesinactivated poliovirus vaccineoral poliovirus vaccineoutbreakspoliovirusquantitative environmental surveillancesewagestoolsvaccinationvaccine-derived poliovirus

More Related Videos

EPA Method 1615. Measurement of Enterovirus and Norovirus Occurrence in Water by Culture and RT-qPCR. II. Total Culturable Virus Assay
11:09

EPA Method 1615. Measurement of Enterovirus and Norovirus Occurrence in Water by Culture and RT-qPCR. II. Total Culturable Virus Assay

Published on: September 11, 2016

9.0K
EPA Method 1615. Measurement of Enterovirus and Norovirus Occurrence in Water by Culture and RT-qPCR. Part III. Virus Detection by RT-qPCR
12:32

EPA Method 1615. Measurement of Enterovirus and Norovirus Occurrence in Water by Culture and RT-qPCR. Part III. Virus Detection by RT-qPCR

Published on: January 16, 2016

12.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 17, 2026

EPA Method 1615. Measurement of Enterovirus and Norovirus Occurrence in Water by Culture and RT-qPCR. I. Collection of Virus Samples
10:48

EPA Method 1615. Measurement of Enterovirus and Norovirus Occurrence in Water by Culture and RT-qPCR. I. Collection of Virus Samples

Published on: March 28, 2015

12.5K
EPA Method 1615. Measurement of Enterovirus and Norovirus Occurrence in Water by Culture and RT-qPCR. II. Total Culturable Virus Assay
11:09

EPA Method 1615. Measurement of Enterovirus and Norovirus Occurrence in Water by Culture and RT-qPCR. II. Total Culturable Virus Assay

Published on: September 11, 2016

9.0K
EPA Method 1615. Measurement of Enterovirus and Norovirus Occurrence in Water by Culture and RT-qPCR. Part III. Virus Detection by RT-qPCR
12:32

EPA Method 1615. Measurement of Enterovirus and Norovirus Occurrence in Water by Culture and RT-qPCR. Part III. Virus Detection by RT-qPCR

Published on: January 16, 2016

12.9K

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Epidemiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Effective viral outbreak response requires rapid, quantitative data on infected individuals and their locations.
  • Environmental surveillance traditionally identifies population centers with contagious individuals due to poliovirus excretion in both symptomatic and asymptomatic cases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a rapid, quantitative RT-PCR method for detecting poliovirus RNA directly from environmental samples.
  • To infer the number of infected individuals excreting poliovirus based on environmental surveillance data.
  • To apply this method for monitoring and managing an asymptomatic poliovirus outbreak.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay with a one-week turnaround time (TAT).
  • Extraction of poliovirus RNA directly from concentrated environmental surveillance samples.
  • Validation of the quantitation method using bivalent oral polio vaccine (bOPV) data and application to a wild type 1 poliovirus outbreak in Israel (2013).

Main Results:

  • The quantitative RT-PCR method successfully inferred the weekly number of poliovirus excreters during a sustained, asymptomatic outbreak.
  • A short TAT enabled evidence-based intervention strategies and resampling of infected individuals.
  • The method documented the absence of poliovirus infections following successful intervention.

Conclusions:

  • Rapid, quantitative environmental surveillance using RT-PCR is effective for monitoring viral outbreaks, including asymptomatic ones.
  • The developed methodology can be adapted for other excreted viruses like SARS-CoV-2, especially when individual testing is limited.
  • This approach supports efficient public health interventions by providing timely and actionable epidemiological data.