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Protein Nucleotidylylation in +ssRNA Viruses
Alice-Roza Eruera1, Alice M McSweeney1, Geena M McKenzie-Goldsmith1
1Department of Microbiology & Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
Viruses
|August 28, 2021
Summary
Nucleotidylylation, a key RNA virus modification, involves RNA-dependent RNA polymerase adding nucleotides to proteins. This process is crucial for viral replication and translation initiation across the picornavirus supergroup.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Molecular Biology
- Post-transcriptional Modifications
Background:
- Nucleotidylylation is a critical post-transcriptional modification in RNA viruses.
- It is essential for viral replication and is mediated by RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp).
- This modification is prevalent in the picornavirus supergroup, encompassing Caliciviridae, Coronaviridae, Picornaviridae, and Potyviridae.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the process of nucleotidylylation in the picornavirus supergroup.
- To identify the proteins targeted by nucleotidylylation.
- To elucidate the roles of these modifications in the viral life cycle.
Main Methods:
- Literature review focusing on nucleotidylylation in picornavirus supergroup.
- Analysis of scientific literature on viral protein modification and replication mechanisms.
- Synthesis of information regarding RdRp function and protein targets.
Main Results:
- Nucleotidylylation involves RdRp attaching nucleotides to target proteins.
- VPg (viral protein genome-linked) is a key target in Caliciviridae, Picornaviridae, and Potyviridae, essential for replication and translation.
- Coronaviridae lack VPg but require nucleotidylylation of replication proteins, including RdRp itself, for viral replication.
Conclusions:
- Nucleotidylylation is a vital modification for picornavirus replication and translation.
- The specific targets and roles of nucleotidylylation vary among virus families within the supergroup.
- Further research into these modifications can reveal new antiviral strategies.
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