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Coronavirus

Coronavirus

Coronaviruses, including the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), are enveloped viruses characterized by their single-stranded, positive-sense RNA genome and helical nucleocapsid structure. The hallmark of these viruses is their club-shaped spike (S) glycoproteins that protrude from the viral envelope, facilitating attachment to host cells. Typically, coronaviruses infect the upper respiratory tract, often causing mild or asymptomatic disease. However, certain strains like...

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Modeling Within-Host Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Case Study in Ferrets.

Naveen K Vaidya^1,2,3, Angelica Bloomquist^1,2,3, Alan S Perelson⁴

¹Department of Mathematics and Statistics, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA.

|August 28, 2021

Summary

Mathematical models and experimental data revealed SARS-CoV-2 infection dynamics in ferrets. Ferrets serve as a suitable model for studying the virus, with similar dynamics observed between human and environmental strains, suggesting fomite transmission potential.

Keywords:

COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 ferrets viral dynamics within-host modeling

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Area of Science:

Virology
Mathematical Biology
Pre-clinical Research

Background:

Pre-clinical development of antiviral agents requires animal models for SARS-CoV-2.
Ferrets are utilized as a model organism for studying SARS-CoV-2 infection dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

To characterize within-host SARS-CoV-2 infection dynamics in ferrets using mathematical modeling and experimental data.
To perform a global sensitivity analysis on model parameters influencing viral infection characteristics.
To estimate key viral dynamic parameters and related indices in ferrets.

Main Methods:

Utilized mathematical models and experimental data to analyze SARS-CoV-2 infection in ferrets.
Conducted a global sensitivity analysis to identify influential model parameters.
Estimated parameters including infection rate, virus production, clearance rate, and basic reproduction number.

Main Results:

Estimated key SARS-CoV-2 viral dynamic parameters in ferrets.
Found no significant differences in parameters between ferrets infected with human-isolated and environment-isolated strains, suggesting fomite transmission potential.
Observed similarities between ferret and human SARS-CoV-2 dynamics, supporting ferrets as a relevant model.

Conclusions:

Ferrets are an appropriate animal model for SARS-CoV-2 dynamics studies.
Estimated parameters provide valuable insights for SARS-CoV-2 research and antiviral development.
Findings suggest potential for SARS-CoV-2 transmission from fomites.