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Phosphodiester Linkages

Phosphodiester Linkages

Overview
Phosphodiester bond forms when a phosphoric acid molecule (H3PO4) links with two hydroxyl groups (–OH) of two other molecules, forming two ester bonds. Two water molecules are released in this process. The phosphodiester bond is commonly found in nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) and plays a critical role in their structure and function.
Phosphodiester Bonds Link Nucleotides Together
DNA and RNA are polynucleotides or long chains of nucleotides that are linked together. A nucleotide is...

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Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals II

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Updated: Oct 22, 2025

Atomically Defined Templates for Epitaxial Growth of Complex Oxide Thin Films

Atomically Defined Templates for Epitaxial Growth of Complex Oxide Thin Films

Published on: December 4, 2014

Flat epitaxial quasi-1D phosphorene chains.

Wei Zhang¹, Hanna Enriquez¹, Yongfeng Tong²

¹Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay, Orsay, France.

Nature Communications

|August 28, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers synthesized one-dimensional phosphorene chains (P chains) using molecular beam epitaxy. These semiconducting P chains exhibit a 1.80 eV band gap, paving the way for novel opto-electronic devices.

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Condensed Matter Physics
Nanotechnology

Background:

Theoretical studies predicted unique properties in 1D phosphorene chains (P chains), including Stark and Seebeck effects, room temperature magnetism, and topological phase transitions.
Previous top-down fabrication methods for P chains lacked precise control, hindering experimental investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a controllable bottom-up approach for fabricating atomically thin, crystalline 1D phosphorene chains.
To characterize the structural and electronic properties of the synthesized phosphorene chains.

Main Methods:

Molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) for bottom-up growth of phosphorene chains on a Ag(111) substrate.
Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) for structural characterization.
Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) for electronic band structure determination.
Density functional theory (DFT) calculations for theoretical validation.

Main Results:

Successful growth of atomically thin, crystalline, armchair-shaped 1D phosphorene chains on Ag(111) using MBE.
Experimental and theoretical confirmation of a semiconducting nature with an intrinsic band gap of 1.80 ± 0.20 eV.
Demonstration of a controllable bottom-up fabrication method for phosphorene nanostructures.

Conclusions:

Atomically thin, crystalline 1D phosphorene chains can be reliably fabricated using molecular beam epitaxy.
The synthesized phosphorene chains possess a significant band gap, making them promising candidates for opto-electronic applications.
This work overcomes previous limitations in phosphorene chain synthesis and opens new avenues for exploring their exotic properties.