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Updated: Oct 22, 2025

Comprehensive Evaluation of the Effectiveness and Safety of Placenta-Targeted Drug Delivery Using Three Complementary Methods
Published on: September 10, 2018
Mode of delivery in multiple pregnancies.
Amir Aviram1, Jon F R Barrett1, Nir Melamed1
1Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Drs Aviram and Melamed); Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Drs Aviram, Melamed, and Mei-Dan); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (Dr Barrett); Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, North York General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Dr Mei-Dan).
Evidence-based guidelines for twin delivery are emerging, supporting trial of labor for dichorionic or monochorionic twins at ≥32 weeks. Specific gestational ages are recommended based on chorionicity, with cesarean delivery for breech presentation or higher-order multiples.
Area of Science:
- Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine
- Perinatal Research
Background:
- Mode of delivery in multiple pregnancies remains a subject of extensive debate.
- The Twin Birth Study provided crucial evidence-based recommendations, yet some questions persist.
Purpose of the Study:
- To address key unanswered questions regarding twin delivery, including gestational age, chorionicity, and previous uterine scars.
- To refine recommendations for mode of delivery in various twin pregnancy scenarios.
Main Methods:
- Review and synthesis of existing observational, retrospective, and trial data.
- Analysis of factors influencing delivery mode: gestational age, chorionicity, prior uterine surgery.
Main Results:
- Trial of labor is supported for dichorionic-diamniotic or monochorionic-diamniotic twins (first twin cephalic, ≥32 weeks gestation).
- Recommended delivery gestational ages vary by chorionicity: 37-38 weeks (di-di), 36-37 weeks (mo-di), 32-34 weeks (mo-mo).
- Breech extraction may improve second twin vaginal delivery success; trial of labor appears safe with previous cesarean delivery.
Conclusions:
- Cesarean delivery is recommended for first twin breech presentation, monochorionic-monoamniotic twins, and higher-order multiples.
- Delivery by experienced practitioners is crucial for all multiple pregnancies.
- Further research is needed for optimal management of very preterm, low birthweight twins.
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