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Related Concept Videos

The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...
Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...
Graves' Disease I: Introduction01:28

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence in...
Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor, and heat...

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An Orthotopic Mouse Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma
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Ectopic thyroid tissue in the iris: a case report.

Helena Wagner1, Claudia Auw-Hädrich2, Martin Werner3

  • 1Eye Center, Medical Center -University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Killianstraße 5, 79106, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany. helena.wagner@uniklinik-freiburg.de.

BMC Ophthalmology
|August 29, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This is the third reported case of ectopic thyroid tissue in the iris. Unlike previous asymptomatic cases, this patient experienced vision loss and corneal issues requiring surgical intervention.

Keywords:
Case reportChoristomaEctopic thyroid tissueEndothelial decompensationKeratoplastyiris tumour

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Endocrinology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Ectopic thyroid tissue in the iris (thyroid glandular epithelial choristoma) is extremely rare, with only two prior documented cases.
  • Previous instances of iris choristoma were asymptomatic.

Observation:

  • A 67-year-old female presented with corneal endothelial decompensation post-cataract surgery and IStent implantation.
  • Examination revealed an iris tumor adhering to the endothelium, present since childhood, causing reduced visual acuity and elevated intraocular pressure.

Findings:

  • Surgical resection of the iris tumor and keratoplasty were performed.
  • Histological examination confirmed the presence of ectopic thyroid tissue within the iris.

Implications:

  • This case highlights that ectopic thyroid tissue in the iris can become symptomatic, leading to complications like endothelial decompensation.
  • Pre-operative patient counseling regarding potential complications is crucial for cataract surgery in such cases.
  • Thorough histological examination and thyroid evaluation are essential to rule out malignancy, such as metastatic follicular thyroid carcinoma.