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When Words Fail: "Miscarriage," Referential Ambiguity, and Psychological Harm.

The Journal of medicine and philosophy·2023
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Miscarriage Can Kill … But it Usually Does Not: Evaluating Inconsistency Arguments.

Jessalyn A Bohn1

  • 1Department of Philosophy, St. Edward's University, Austin, TX, USA.

The New Bioethics : a Multidisciplinary Journal of Biotechnology and the Body
|August 30, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cause of Death Arguments, often used in abortion debates, are flawed due to ambiguous terminology. Clarifying terms like "miscarriage" reveals these arguments are unsound and should be abandoned.

Keywords:
Inconsistency argumentinduced abortionmiscarriagepregnancy lossspontaneous abortion

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Area of Science:

  • Philosophy of Medicine
  • Bioethics
  • Argumentation Theory

Background:

  • Inconsistency arguments, particularly 'Cause of Death Arguments,' are debated in recent publications.
  • These arguments claim miscarriage causes death more frequently than induced abortion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the logical soundness and validity of 'Cause of Death Arguments.'
  • To demonstrate the rhetorical nature of these arguments and propose a method for their refutation.

Main Methods:

  • Logical analysis of argument premises.
  • Identification of equivocation within the term 'miscarriage.'
  • Examination of counterarguments to assess their validity.

Main Results:

  • 'Cause of Death Arguments' are shown to be unsound or invalid due to equivocation.
  • The ambiguity of 'miscarriage' (intrauterine death vs. preterm delivery) is identified as the core logical fallacy.
  • Responding to these arguments often leads to unconvincing counterarguments due to overlooked equivocation.

Conclusions:

  • Philosophers and ethicists should replace ambiguous terms like 'miscarriage' with precise, disambiguated language.
  • Disambiguation will expose the invalidity of 'Cause of Death Arguments,' leading to their abandonment in the abortion debate.